逆向配送集成模型终端运输线路的优化研究

研究了正逆向集成配送的终端线路优化原则和优化方法，依据运输产品的性质将逆向配送产品分为可以与正向配送同车运输和不能同车运输两类，分别探讨了这两类产品的集成配送终端的线路优化策略，并用一个实例加以说明。     

高密度开发城市土地利用对交通系统的影响作用研究--以广州为例

Recently the study on the mutual relationship between urban transport and land use has been one of the hot subjects in the fields of urban geography, urban transport planning and urban planning. This paper tires to carry out some methods, such as multi-analysis statistics method to specify the impacts of urban land use on urban transport system. Firstly,the choice of urban transport road network affected by the characters of urban land use layout is discussed. Secondly, the promotion of urban public transportation affected by high-density concentrated land use pattern is demonstrated Thirdly, the impacts of urban city-size on transport system structure characters are expatiated. Finally, the impacts of urban master planning in Guangzhou on the layout of transport system are illustrated.     

鹿特丹港与莱茵河航运联动发展经验

鹿特丹港作为欧洲枢纽港之一,对欧洲经济发展起着重要的作用。它在世界航运界中的地位与其地理位置及荷兰政府大力发展内河航运与港口经济的政策有关。文章主要分析了鹿特丹港与荷兰内河航运发展中的互动关系。     

Downstream Ecological Impacts of Controlled Sediment Flushing in an Alpine Valley River: A Case Study

Sediment flushing may be effective to tackle the loss of reservoir storage as a result of siltation. When operationally possible, the impact of this practice on the downstream aquatic environment can be mitigated by limiting the sediment concentration of the discharged waters (controlled sediment flushing). However, this topic is poorly documented, and concerns arise when limits are discussed. We present the results of a 3‐year field investigation concerning the controlled sediment flushing of a small reservoir on the Adda River, the main tributary of Lake Como—Italy. Two limits for suspended solid concentration (SSC) were adopted: 1.5 g L^?1, as average value throughout the whole working day, and 3.0 g L^?1, as alert threshold to adjust the ongoing activity. These constraints were essentially fulfilled in the course of the documented operations. The first year sediment flushing was more significant than the following year: 25 000 tons of fines below 2 mm in diameter were flushed in six non‐consecutive days in summer 2010, while, one year earlier, 75 000 tons were flushed in 16 non‐consecutive days. In the third year of investigation (2011), no sediment evacuation took place. The benthic macroinvertebrate and the fish communities were surveyed a short distance below the reservoir, that is, in the potentially more affected river reach. Clear pieces of evidence of environmental quality degradation were not detected; the adopted strategies can therefore be considered to be appropriate when planning sediment flushing management in comparable contexts. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

木垒河悬移质泥沙特性分析

河流泥沙是反映流域水土流失严重程度和河川径流特性的重要指标,是合理开发利用地表水资源,建设水利设施必须考虑的一个重要指标。河流泥沙不仅关系河流本身的发展演变,也反映了流域环境特性及人类活动的影响。木垒河是一条多沙河流,泥沙问题不太引起关注,研究也相对缺乏。本文就木垒河泥沙资料分析,对木垒河泥沙的主要来源、分部、年内变化等时空演变进行了初步分析,为木垒河流域水资源合理开发提供一定的参考。     

Exploring Particle Density Effects on Partial Mobility of Steelhead Spawning Gravels

Yellowbank Creek is a small stream in coastal central California being assessed for salmonid habitat limiting factors and restoration potential. Yellowbank flows through low‐density marine mudstone bedrock, which is the gravel source for the stream. To assess the potential effects of the low‐density substrate on spawning gravels, a tracer stone study comparing the incipient motion of low‐density mudstone particles and typical density granitic particles was used to populate a logistic regression particle entrainment model. A model comparison approach was used to test the strength of the model. Results demonstrate partial mobility of both mudstone and granitic particles under boundary shear conditions ranging from 6.9 to 42.2 N m^‐2. The modelling results quantify the strong negative correlation between particle entrainment and particle density. Mudstone gravel was three times more likely to be entrained than granitic gravel, within the context of the experimental conditions. The effect of density difference on partial mobility was greater in smaller grain size fractions. This work has implications for salmonid spawning success in atypical geologic settings and may assist in prioritization of restoration efforts. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

最佳鳃片倾斜角下分离鳃内部流场的数值模拟

采用均匀试验设计理论对鳃片倾斜角α与β进行数值模拟方案的设计,通过采用Fluent软件中的欧拉模型,以鳃片3上表面的泥沙速度作为考核指标,对不同鳃片倾斜角下的分离鳃速度流场进行模拟。运用投影寻踪回归分析法(PPR)对数值计算结果进行了分析,得出鳃片β倾斜角对分离鳃水沙分离效果影响是最大的,其次是鳃片α倾斜角的影响;当鳃片倾斜角的组合为α=60°与β=45°时,分离鳃中的速度流场有利于水沙的快速分离且水沙分离效果最佳。     

层状淤沙对混凝土重力坝地震响应的影响分析

本文研究了不同厚度淤沙对混凝土重力坝地震响应的影响以及一定厚度层状淤沙的不同分布形式对混凝土重力坝的地震响应的影响。基于饱和多孔液固两相介质的压力波动方程,设层状淤沙各层厚度不同,将层状淤沙分为三种不同分布形式,在每种分布形式每层的物理参数相同和物理参数不同两种情况下,确定了淤沙对混凝土重力坝地震响应的影响大小。通过算例分析表明,相同物理性质不同的分布形式对地震响应的影响不显著,而不同的分布形式对坝体的地震响应影响较大。     

床沙粒径及级配对非均匀沙起动的影响分析

对Wu W.等的荫暴系数计算方法进行了修正,根据滚动起动模型建立了以荫暴系数为主要参数的起动底流速公式,在此基础上理论探讨了暴露程度、床沙各分组泥沙粒径及其质量比对泥沙起动的影响,并论述了非均匀沙起动中完全暴露、完全荫蔽和极限跃移3种极限起动情况。结果表明:1非均匀沙起动底流速随着荫暴系数的增大而减小,荫暴系数越大,泥沙越容易起动;2在由两种粒径泥沙组成的非均匀沙中,粗颗粒的荫暴系数在定义域上均随着细颗粒床沙比例和粗细颗粒比例的增大而增大,即细颗粒比例越大,粗细颗粒间粒径差异越大,粗颗粒越容易起动;细颗粒的荫暴系数在定义域上随着细颗粒床沙比例的增大而增大、粗细颗粒比例的增大而减小,即细颗粒的比例愈大,细颗粒愈容易起动,且起动规律渐趋于和均匀沙的相仿,粗细颗粒粒径相差愈大,细颗粒受到的荫蔽作用愈显著,其起动流速也愈大。     

黄河内蒙古段干流沉积物中砷含量及形态研究

为探明黄河内蒙古段沉积物中砷含量及形态分布特征,采集黄河内蒙古段干流柱状沉积物,采用HNO4-H2SO4-HCl O4法消解沉积物样品,提取沉积物中吸附型砷(A-As)、铝型砷(Al-As)、铁型砷(Fe-As)、钙型砷(CaAs)、包蔽型砷(O-As)5种形态砷,并采用氢化物发生原子荧光分光光度法测定砷含量。结果表明:黄河内蒙古段干流柱状沉积物中砷含量为7.123~16.661 mg/kg,平均为9.292 mg/kg;从整体上看,左岸沉积物砷含量高于右岸,随深度增加砷含量呈下降趋势,从上游至下游砷含量在黑柳子段出现高值;黄河内蒙古段沉积物中砷以Ca-As为主,O-As次之;随着深度的增加,总体上,Ca-As含量略有升高,A-As和O-As含量有所下降,Al-As和Fe-As含量基本不变。