悬索缆道(带铅鱼)在义棠水文站的应用

文中以山西省首家悬索自动化测流缆道在义棠水文站淤泥质河床的应用为例，叙述了该站缆道的设计、安装、试验研究的基本情况、设计指标、缆道总体布设、信号传输线路的设计及工作原理等。“失重”开关与河底开关的双重保险功能是解决我国北方地区淤泥质河床信号的产生与传输的关键。文中对此做了具体叙述，旨在为类似的缆道工程设计采用时参考。     

渭河流域水利水保措施减水减沙效益初步分析

截止1989年底,渭河流域共有水库361座,塘坝2666座,引水有效灌溉面积40.4万公顷,治理总面积8136km~2,治理度17.1％。以1970年为效益计算起始年,并将全流域划分为18个片,分别采用水文法和水保法计算1970～1989年间各项水利水保措施减水减沙量及综合减水减沙效益。水文法算得的综合减水效益为24.1％,减沙效益为30.6％;水保法算得的结果相应为29.9％和30.8％,两者相近。     

皇甫川流域水沙特性分析及其治理对策

作者对皇甫川流域从径流泥沙来源、水沙特性、水沙变化趋势等方面进行了较为深入地分析和研究，据此提出皇甫川流域近期治理方略是：以沟道坝系建设为切入点；积极推进林草植被建设；对砒砂岩地区实行大面积封禁治理。流域近期至2010年，治理的重点建议放在十里长川、沙圪堵至皇甫区间和沙圪堵以上的纳林川左岸。     

Simulation of runoff and phosphorus transport in a Carpathian catchment,Slovakia

A comprehensive, GIS‐based modelling approach is developed to estimate runoff and phosphorus transport within a watershed at a daily time step. The approach relies on the use of GIS data for deriving major critical model parameters that exhibit distinct spatial variability over the catchment. Surface runoff is calculated by a modified rational method, which depends upon rainfall intensity, soil moisture status, slope, land‐use and soil characteristics. Phosphorus loading is estimated as a function of the runoff volume and the event mean concentration for different land use categories. A diffusive approximation method is used to trace runoff and phosphorus transport to the basin outlet. The modelling approach is tested in the Margecany catchment, Hornad River basin, Slovakia, to simulate runoff, phosphorus loading, and its transport on a daily time scale using data observed between 1995 and 2000. Satisfactory results of the hydrographs and phosphorus concentration at the basin outlet are obtained, though more efforts regarding the phosphorus cycling and its biochemical reactions need to be clarified by further research. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Monitoring water quality in reservoirs with IRS-1A-LISS-I

An attempt has been made to quantify the relationship between the variation in IRS-IA-LISS-I (Indian Remote Sensing Satellite-1A Linear Imaging Self-Scanning System) radiance data and field measured change in secchi disc depth. Secchi disc depth was measured for 47 predetermined sampling locations on reservoir surface water. At extinction depth (secchi depth), water samples were collected from all the sampling locations. Suspended sediments of eight locations representing various reaches of the reservoir were selected for mineralogical, particle size and optical properties analysis. The LISS-I radiance value in band 1 (0.45–0.52µm) band 2 (0-52–0.59 µm) and band 3 (0.62–0.68 µm) were used in a regression analysis. The absorption infrared band 4 (0.77–0.86 µm) was not included in the analysis. In these, the dependable variable was secchi depth (SD) and the LISS-I-radiance data was the estimator variable. Forty-seven data sets of 20 October 1988 from Tawa reservoir surface water were used to obtain an estimator equation for SD. The verification of the estimator equation was tested by applying it to a data set of 21 measurements of 28 September 1988 for this reservoir. The coefficient of correlation between observed and estimated values for the 28 September 1988 data set wasr=0.92 for SD, indicating that the equation could accurately predict the water clarity (SD) for this reservoir on new occasions from IRS-IA-LISS-I spectral data. It is shown that mineral composition and optical properties of suspended sediments influence the reflected radiance of water quality. It is concluded that IRS-IA-LISS-I data provide a useful means of mapping water quality in reservoir.     

柘溪水库泥沙淤积情况调查简介

通过对 1995年柘溪水库泥沙冲淤调查资料的分析 ,对比 196 3年建库时及 1974年库区泥沙冲淤情况 ,获得建库以来库区泥沙沉积率及其泥沙分布的关系曲线 ,可为已建或拟建的同类泥沙淤积分析提供参考。     

水库调水调沙回顾与展望--兼论小浪底水库运用方式研究

作者简要回顾了三门峡、恒山水库调度方式和小浪底工程设计、“八五”攻关和专题研究之运用方式以及碛口、三门峡、小浪底水库联合调度方式等。提出小浪底水库调度应坚持“多年调节泥沙 ,相机排沙”运用方式 ;调控库容应大一些 ,同时要有灵活性 ;充分利用天然大水过程排沙 ,必要时也可相机造峰 ;注重水库联合调水调沙运用及有关技术问题研究     

Biophysical Model of Larval Yellow Perch Advection and Settlement in Lake Michigan

Potential for large-scale physical transport processes to affect recruitment of Lake Michigan yellow perch (Perca flavescens) was studied by examining the variation in larval distribution, growth rate, and settlement during June–August 1998–2003 using a 3D particle transport model linked with an individual-based bioenergetics growth model. In all years, virtual larvae were released nearshore in southwestern Lake Michigan, a known and important spawning region for yellow perch. For any given year, the same circulation pattern and water temperature either promoted or reduced yellow perch settlement depending on the consumption rates and settlement size chosen in the growth model. Increased consumption increased the number of settled larvae and expanded the total area where larvae settled, whereas increased settlement size reduced the number of settled larvae and reduced the overall settlement area. Interannual variability in circulation patterns and water temperature also resulted in contrasting larval settlement rates, settlement locations, and size of settlement areas between years. Model predictions were most consistent with field observations of age-0 yellow perch from Illinois and Michigan waters when settlement was assumed to occur at 50 mm. Moreover, our model suggests that larvae originating from southwestern Lake Michigan can recruit anywhere within the southern basin and even in the northern basin. Future model improvement will require information on the relative contribution of various sectors to the larval pool, their distribution with reference to the hydrodynamic landscape, the feeding and growth of yellow perch during their pelagic phase, and the size at transition to demersal stage.     

万顷沙西十三涌油轮码头模型试验研究

华隆公司拟在万顷沙西十二涌与十三涌之间兴十三涌３０００Ｔ级油轮港口码头。本文分析了该河段水文泥沙的特性、河道演变趋势及河段稳定性，通过物理模型试验研究及对航道、港池的回淤计算分析，预测工程建成后引起局部水流流态的变化，对水道泄洪、潮排、潮灌的影响，以及港池、航道建成后的泥沙淤积情况。     

Groundwater-surface water interactions and agricultural nutrient transport in a Great Lakes clay plain system

Nutrient export from agricultural land to surface waters is a significant environmental concern within the Great Lakes Basin (GLB). A field-based watershed-scale study was completed to investigate spatial and temporal variations of phosphorus and nitrate to assess nutrient transport pathways and groundwater-surface water interactions in an agriculturally dominated clay plain system. This was conducted in the 127 km² Upper Parkhill Watershed, near Lake Huron in southwestern Ontario, Canada. Data collection occurred from June 2018 to May 2019 via continuous sensor deployment and discrete sampling of stream water, groundwater, hyporheic zone, and tile drainage water. Samples were analyzed for various nutrient species (total, total dissolved, soluble reactive, and particulate phosphorus, and nitrate-N) to examine the hydrological dynamics of principal transport pathways of agriculturally-derived nutrients. Total phosphorus and nitrate concentrations in stream water ranged from 0.007 to 0.324 mg/L and 0.32 to 13.13 mg NO₃^?-N/L, respectively. Tile drainage water total phosphorous concentrations varied from 0.006 to 0.066 mg/L. Groundwater total dissolved phosphorus concentrations ranged from <0.003 to 0.085 mg/L. Transport of phosphorus through tile drainage was observed to be greater than through groundwater over the study period. No distinct relationship was observed between nutrient concentrations in the hyporheic zone and the vertical hydraulic gradient within this zone in the studied stream reach. Preliminary correlations were discerned between water quality observations and recognized land management practices. Given the elevated stream nutrient concentrations, these results are consequential for the continual improvement of strategies and programs devised to conserve water resources within the GLB.