出砂强敏感稠油油藏低效水驱转热采政策界限研究——以林东馆三段稠油油藏为例

林樊家油田林东馆三段地质条件复杂,地层敏感性强,供液差,产能低,油稠,出砂严重,多年来采用了各种工艺措施,均未取得好的水驱开采效果。文章运用数值模拟手段,分析了低水驱的主要原因和论证了低效水驱转蒸汽热采可行性。在此基础上,研究了该块低效水驱转蒸汽热采的开发经济技术政策界限。开发实践表明,低效水驱稠油油藏通过转热采可大幅提高采收率,同时研究成果对同类油藏的开发具有重要指导意义。     

我国火电类上市公司经营绩效评价研究——基于因子分析法

以我国火电行业上市公司2010年的年报数据为研究对象,选取基本每股收益、净利润率、资产负债率、流动比率、速动比率等15个反应企业经营绩效的财务指标为研究变量,采用因子分析法,从盈利能力、偿债能力、投资者获利能力、营运能力以及资本构成等方面对我国火电行业上市公司综合绩效进行了分析、评价,以期为经营者和投资者的决策提供参考信息。     

Achievements and gaps in tef productivity improvement practices in the marginal areas of Northern Ethiopia: implications for future research directions

Tef is the most important crop in Ethiopia and is well-adapted to growing environments, but grain yields are low. The government is therefore promoting the adoption of improved varieties, inorganic fertilizers and new planting techniques. This study gathered information on the use of new agronomic practices and barriers to their adoption through a semi-structured questionnaire administered to 60 farmers or respondents from each of 4 districts of Tigray region in northern Ethiopia viz Laelay-Maichew, Medebay-Zana, Ahferom and Alamata. Data were coded and analysed using SPSS software. Except for animal feed and crop rotation, there were significant differences between districts in the relative importance of several criteria for different uses. Improved varieties were used by the majority of respondents in all districts and fertilizers in all except Alamata where severe moisture stress dictated the choice of variety and reduced fertilizer application. Weed control was mainly by hand except in Alamata where chemical control was common because of the predominance of broad-leaved weeds. Transplanting maximized the yield of tef, but a cost–benefit analysis showed that row sowing was more profitable. The study concluded that new varieties better adapted to the likelihood of reduced rainfall and that respond efficiently to fertilizer inputs need to be developed. Until suitable technologies are available, high labour costs would in part dictate some agronomic practices, even if this led to lower yields.     

城市三维形态与热环境的相关关系研究——以大连市金普新区为例

由城市各种实体空间结构所构成的三维形态是城市形态的重要组成部分。而城市的空间结构与城市空间环境的热场分布也有着密不可分的关系。本文运用地理信息系统与遥感技术,获取三维形态指标与地表温度,对各因子进行回归分析,建立城市空间形态热场分布研究的回归模型。分析了金普新区空间实体的占空度、错落度、建筑密度等空间形态对城市亮度温度的影响,发现占空度与城市亮温成正相关并且相关性较高,绿化率与亮温成负相关,而建筑密度与错落度对城市热场的影响较小。     

多跨连续-刚构桥梁施工的高程及应力控制——以新疆克其克苏布台大桥为例

为实现桥梁施工精度的准确控制,保证桥梁施工质量符合设计要求,对某多跨连续-刚构桥梁的施工控制进行了计算分析。首先,通过理论计算桥梁的预拱度,并在施工过程中采取相应的高程及应力控制措施;其次,通过现场实测,对施工过程中的高程及应力进行实时监测,将监测值与控制值进行比较,以评价控制效果。实例检验结果表明:在高程控制方面,最终合龙高程误差不超过8mm,满足了桥梁的线型要求;在应力控制方面,主梁和墩身应力均为压应力,且远小于规范限值,满足设计要求。因此,在桥梁施工过程中,通过理论计算与施工控制相结合的方法,能够实现桥梁高程及应力的有效控制,达到预期效果。桥梁施工控制措施的有效性在研究中得到了验证,可为类似桥梁施工提供参考。     

Job stress and well-being of female employees in hospitality: The role of regulatory leisure coping styles

The job stress and coping behavior of female employees has become a key issue in the hospitality industry. This study investigates the moderating role of regulatory leisure coping styles on the effect of job stress on female employees’ well-being. Specifically, this study extends Patry et al.’s (2007) findings to further confirm the direct and moderating role of regulatory leisure coping styles in the relationship between job stress and well-being. Data were collected from the female employees of 22 tourist hotels in Taiwan. The results showed that the Planned-Breather Leisure Coping Style (PBLCS) was positively and significantly associated with well-being, whereas the Avoidant Leisure Coping Style (ALCS) had a negative and significant effect on it. In addition, the results also revealed that the PBLCS plays a buffering role, but that the ALCS plays an amplifying role. Based on these findings, the implications and research suggestions are then discussed.     

岸坡崩塌条件下弯道环流与水流剪切力的变化特征

河岸崩塌(又称为崩岸或塌岸)是水动力作用下岸坡失稳的一种主要形式,属于一种典型的水力与重力的复合侵蚀。本文采用黄河上游宁蒙河段的磴口黏性河岸沙为实验用沙,通过实施8组弯道水槽实验模拟塌岸过程与河道冲淤演变过程,重点观测并分析崩塌近岸水位、流速、颗粒粒径及河床冲淤形态等水力-泥沙-河床三方面因子变化特点,揭示黏性岸坡崩塌过程水流剪切力分布特征及其对河道冲淤形态影响机制,结果显示崩塌体头尾部的剪切力突增,形成较大剪切力区,尾部剪切力大于头部剪切力,尾部形成涡流,流速分布混乱,加快崩塌体的分解和崩塌进程。实验进一步揭示了崩塌过程河床形态对水流剪切力的响应关系,为建立崩塌河段泥沙输移模型提供了基础依据,并可供河道整治工程规划设计参考。     

泄洪洞混凝土衬砌温控方案研究

为寻求衬砌混凝土的有效温控防裂措施,结合某泄洪洞混凝土衬砌实际情况,在考虑了混凝土热力学参数随龄期变化、混凝土实际浇筑过程对温度应力影响的基础上,设计不同的温控方案,利用大型有限元软件对泄洪洞衬砌混凝土温度场、温度应力场进行了三维仿真计算.结果表明:衬砌混凝土浇筑完后第2天达到最高温度,第3天表面出现较大的拉应力,混凝...     

高碾压混凝土重力坝分区材料-结构界面特性与变形协调仿真分析

高碾压混凝土重力坝不同功能部位"结构特性"与"材料性能"的差异产生的变形协调问题直接关系到工程结构的安全运行,现阶段变形协调分析多是对结构变形和受力进行分析,对异种材料变形协调机理认识不足,缺乏理论基础研究。本文基于界面力学理论,考虑混凝土坝分区中常见的两种双材料界面形式与理想界面的连续边界条件,基于奇异性特征值的特征方程,提出了以应力奇异性特征值作为异种材料变形协调的评价指标,并通过有限元分析验证了理论计算的正确性与有效性;进而分析了界面结合角度和异种材料组合对单侧自由界面端与埋入界面折点处应力奇异性的影响,通过非均质有限元数值仿真分析了复合试件破坏模式,研究了抗压强度与应力奇异性特征值的关系;最后通过统计实际混凝土坝工程中不同坝段内的双材料界面的材料参数(弹性模量)与结构参数(界面形式与结合角度),计算奇异性特征值,评价了该工程中界面的变形协调特性,为高混凝土坝分区材料-结构设计与材料选取提供新的思路。     

北京平原区浅层地下水热泵系统承载能力评价

鉴于目前地下水热泵系统应用的无序性,为了科学合理地评价含水层对热泵系统的能量承载力,本文采用地下热传递数值法、能量均衡法和热量储存法评价了北京平原区单位面积含水层利用地下水热泵系统可承载的能量负荷,评价结果表明：数值法评价以保证热泵系统的运行效率为前提,客观反映了地下水抽灌行为,能够充分发挥热泵系统节能环保的优点,优于均衡法和热储法;热泵系统承载能力与含水层的厚度呈显著的正相关,山前地区含水层易于回灌,但热泵系统的承载力较小,而东南平原区承载力较大,但难以回灌。