Countercyclical Bank Capital Requirement and Optimized Monetary Policy Rules

Using BoC-GEM-Fin, a large-scale dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model with real, nominal, and financial frictions featuring a banking sector, we explore the macroeconomic implications of various types of countercyclical bank capital regulations. Results suggest that countercyclical capital requirements have a significant stabilizing effect on key macroeconomic variables, but mostly after financial shocks. Moreover, the bank capital regulatory policy and monetary policy interact, and this interaction is contingent on the type of shocks that drive the economic cycle. Finally, we analyze loss functions based on macroeconomic and financial variables to arrive at an optimal countercyclical regulatory policy in a class of simple implementable Taylor-type rules. Compared to bank capital regulatory policy, monetary policy is able to stabilize the economy more efficiently after real shocks. On the other hand, financial shocks require the regulator to be more aggressive in loosening/tightening capital requirements for banks, even as monetary policy works to counter the deviations of inflation from the target.     

对关联交易规则的质疑及改进建议

对当前有关的关联交易规则进行了解读,分析了关联交易的构成要件,结合案例分析了目前关联交易规则存在的问题,并提出了改进建议。     

Kinky perceived demand curves and Keynes–Negishi equilibria

The label "Keynes–Negishi equilibria" is attached here to equilibria in a monetary economy with imperfectly competitive product and labor markets where business firms and labor unions hold demand perceptions with kinks: as posited in Negishi's 1979 book Microeconomic Foundations of Keynesian Macroeconomics . Such equilibria are defined in a general equilibrium model, and shown to exist. Methodological implications are briefly discussed in a concluding section.     

从人性的角度认识公共问题的增生与治理

公共问题产生于以相互依赖为主要特点的人类社会，人类的本性与公共问题的生成之间有着内在的因果联系以及互动机制，对人性特点的认识和把握直接影响着对公共问题的认识和研究，也是政府有效治理公共问题的出发点和重要依据。     

行业潜规则的形成与规制：基于演化博弈的分析

行业潜规则在我国经济现实中广为存在,具有既有信息极不对称、未来信息反馈机制不畅、行业内部结盟性、行政监控成本高等特点。行业潜规则会侵蚀外部人利益,产生负外部性。长远来看,它将阻碍产业的发展,对其实行政府规制是必要的。在一定的假设前提下,以演化博弈为分析工具,研究得出结论：在一定环境条件下潜规则具有扩散性,并存在演化稳定点。并以我国食品安全管理中常用的抽查与处以罚金的方式作为规制形式,通过ESS分析,证明该规制方式有助于降低潜规则的扩散。     

Pro-competition rules in airport privatization: International experience and the Brazilian case

This article aims to demonstrate the importance of establishing pro-competition rules in the concession of multiple airports to private companies by describing the recent Brazilian experience. More specifically, it addresses: (i) how the economic literature deals with potential competition among different airports, and how this competition was dealt with in the concession programs of Australia, Mexico and the United Kingdom; and (ii) Brazil's recent experience with airport concessions, where international benchmarking led to cross-ownership restrictions. As a conclusion, this paper defends that governments should design regulatory restrictions that account for the existence of competition among airports. Nevertheless, these restrictions must be carefully planned and designed to achieve their goals.     

A hybrid parallel genetic algorithm for yard crane scheduling

This paper aims at postulating a novel strategy in terms of yard crane scheduling. In this study, a dynamic scheduling model using objective programming for yard cranes is initially developed based on rolling-horizon approach. To resolve the NP-complete problem regarding the yard crane scheduling, a hybrid algorithm, which employs heuristic rules and parallel genetic algorithm (PGA), is then employed. Then a simulation model is developed for evaluating this approach. Finally, numerical experiments on a specific container terminal yard are used for system illustration. Computational results suggest that the proposed method is able to solve the problem efficiently.     

竞争政策与企业发展环境

作为市场竞争规则的竞争政策对于建立和维护正常的市场竞争秩序,有效地保护和鼓励正当竞争,正常发挥竞争机制的作用,保障社会主义市场经济健康发展具有重要意义。企业的发展离不开其所依赖的外部环境,企业的外部环境是多方面的,具有关联性和不稳定性。政府的竞争政策为企业制定了"游戏规则"。在市场竞争中,政府作为竞技场中的裁判应该尽职尽责,既不能缺位,也不能越位和错位。     

黑龙江省民间借贷法律规制研究

民间借贷具有解决融资难、规范民间借贷法律、打击违法犯罪行为等作用,对国民经济发展有一定的积极作用。近几年,黑龙江省民间借贷发展较为活跃,但相应的法律规制还不完善,仍存在违规经营混杂、信息监测体系不完善、法律体系缺乏等问题。黑龙江省应加快制定规范民间借贷的经营行为,健全民间借贷法律监管体系,加快推进民间借贷的立法进程,从而有效完善民间借贷法律规制,促进其健康有序发展。     

Joint audits and mutual ties of audit firm networks

There has been a lively debate following the 2007 financial crisis regarding the role of joint audits. Prior research argues that joint audits may improve audit quality because of shared audit efforts. However, empirical evidence has been inconclusive. To gain insight into how Big 4 audit firm imprimaturs have become a source of legitimacy in the audit industry, this article investigates how audit networks drive the audit industry in Saudi Arabia. Based on the application of quantitative and qualitative research methods, we conclude that the Big 4 audit firms have strong mutual ties, but ties with other local and international audit firms are weak. We also find the oligopolistic nature of the Big 4 audit firms and international audit firms. Specifically, Ernst & Young, KPMG, PwC, and PKF are controlling over 68% of the audit market. Interviews with accounting professionals suggest that several benefits of joint audits exist, but certain additional costs are also implicated. Our findings are particularly relevant for regulators and local and international policymakers in rethinking and evaluating the appropriateness of either the mandatory or voluntary nature of joint audits in developing countries.