What lies beneath—Negative interest rates and bank lending

We study the transmission of negative interest rates to bank lending around an unexpected policy rate cut into deep negative territory by the Swiss National Bank (−0.75%). We exploit a rich data set on transaction-level corporate loans matched with bank balance sheet data. We find that banks more affected by negative interest rates offer looser lending terms and lend more than other banks. This result is consistent with the risk-taking channel, where a lower policy rate spurs bank risk-taking to maintain profits. The result implies that, even in such deep negative territory, the reversal rate has not yet been hit.     

沙漠风积沙地基扩展基础抗拔现场试验研究

通过在新疆、宁夏和内蒙古典型沙漠地区完成的现浇混凝土和装配式2种扩展基础在上拔、上拔与水平力组合工况下的25个现场试验,获得了风积沙扩展基础抗拔荷载-位移曲线,并确定了各试验基础的抗拔极限承载力。按照"土重法"计算原理,得到了反映沙漠风积沙地基抗拔承载性能的极限"上拔角"。经统计分析,得到沙漠风积沙极限"上拔角"标准值为16.8°,该值考虑了沙漠风积沙的区域特征、基础型式与尺寸、荷载工况等因素,可为沙漠地区输电线路杆塔基础的工程设计提供依据。     

河长制中的河流岸线规划与管理

根据河流城镇区域岸线和乡村区域岸线的特点,针对河岸纵向、横向、功能区划以及主体工程的要求,分别提出了各自规划的具体要求和方法,并详述了岸线评价方法,提出了岸线管控的具体建议,为河长制中的岸线开发、保护提供参考。     

期货投机交易对现货市场的稳定效应及福利分析

设立股指期货市场 ,引入大量投机交易者是否会对证券现货市场产生负面影响 ,是导致目前市场管理者在设立股指期货市场时犹豫不决的重要原因。本文通过建立两阶段的理论模型以及国际股指期货币市场数据的实证表明 ,股指期货的风险分担和信息传递功能将导致我国股票现货市场波动的减缓和原有市场参与者福利的提高     

股票市场的货币政策传导分析

货币政策的传导机制不是唯一的，金融市场的种种特征造成了货币政策传导的多样性，股票市场中的货币政策传导就具有独特的规律，在不与银行信贷的创造机制相连的前提下，信贷资金和股市资金的沟通是合理的，目前中国信贷市场和股票市场之间千丝万缕的关系，并没有为货币政策传导创造更加有效的机制基础，股票市场还不能成为货币政策的有效传导渠道。     

Interbank Relationships and the Credit Channel in Germany

A crucial condition for the existence of a credit channel through bank loansis that monetary policy should be able to change bank loan supply. This papercontributes to the discussion on this issue by presenting empirical evidence fromdynamic panel estimations based on a dataset that comprises individual balancesheet information on all German banks. It shows that the average bank reduces itslending more sharply in reaction to a restrictive monetary policy measure the lowerits ratio of short-term interbank deposits to total assets. A dependence on its size canonly be found if explicitly controlled for this dominating effect. Overall, the evidenceis compatible with the existence of a credit channel but the results indicate that it is weakened by the network structures that exist in the German banking system.     

Non-commitment in performance evaluation and the problem of information distortions

Auditing is modeled in a sequential game without commitment. The manager must decide whether and where to audit a worker's output, taking into account all interim information he has obtained. The worker will work just hard enough (and show it) to divert the manager from making an audit or cover up, withholding information about his work to make an audit more difficult. This usually raises the costs of setting work incentives, so incentives are softened, sometimes drastically. Moreover, when a worker's on-the-job information is valuable for entrepreneurial decisions, work incentives must be softened to improve the internal flow of information.     

浅析远程监控的数据传输

文章论述了远程监控系统数据传输技术的重要性以及常用的几种实现方式,并对其优缺点进行了比较和分析。文中分析了利用全球移动通信系统(GSM)进行数据传输的优越性,并介绍了GSM传输的3种方式的特点,各自的实现方式,最后展望了远程监控数据传输的发展前景。     

How many voters are needed for paradoxes?

Summary. This paper presents a general procedure for finding profiles with the minimum number of voters required for many important paradoxes. Borda's and Condorcet's classic examples are revisited as well as generalizations. Using Saari's procedure line, we obtain an upper bound for the minimum number of voters needed for a profile for which the Condorcet winner is not strictly top ranked for all weighted positional procedures. Also we give a simple upper bound on the minimum number of voters needed for a set of prescribed voting outcomes. In contrast to situations wherein small numbers of voters are needed, we consider paradoxes requiring arbitrarily large numbers of voters as well as large numbers of alternatives. Finally we indicate connections with statistical rank based tests. Received: April 18, 2001; revised version: May 25, 2001     

The price relationship between organic and non-organic vegetables in the U.S.: evidence from Nielsen scanner data

This study investigates price relationships between organic and conventional carrots, tomatoes, and lettuce in the U.S. utilizing Nielsen scanner data from 2006–2015. We employ a threshold vector error correction model (TVECM), threshold vector autoregressive model (TVAR), and threshold cointegration test to test whether market integration exists between organic and conventional vegetables as well as the existence of asymmetric price transmission. The results find positive long-run relationships between organic and conventional prices of carrots and tomatoes and show the existence of asymmetric price transmission in price pairs of lettuce and tomatoes. Our findings suggest that the price relationship between organic and conventional vegetables varies by characteristics, such as shelf life, volatility in the price premium, and substitutability.