人格测验在人事测评中的应用

文章强调了人格测验在人事测评中的必要性,在此基础上介绍了四种经典人格测验和三种管理情境中的人格测验,分析了人格测验在预测个体未来工作表现、工作风格以及实现人岗匹配方面所发挥的作用。     

面板堆石坝垫层渡汛离心模型试验研究

西北口水库大坝是我国建设的第一座百米级钢筋混凝土面板堆石坝,其百年一遇洪水渡汛水位降落幅度21.63 m,水位骤降速度最大可达3.65 m/h。面板尚未浇筑前的堆石坝体需临时拦洪渡汛,坝体垫层既起面板垫层作用,还要保证堆石坝体安全渡汛,水位骤降对垫层将产生拖拽力作用,影响到垫层的稳定性。本文通过面板堆石坝垫层渡汛离心模型试验,对不同渗透性垫层安全渡汛进行了试验研究,试验研究成果被西北口面板堆石坝工程施工期安全渡汛设计采纳,为面板坝工程建设特别是施工期安全渡汛提供了技术支撑。     

循环荷载作用下重塑饱和粉黏土的刚度弱化特性研究

以东海大桥海上风电场项目为课题背景,通过动三轴系统对重塑饱和粉质黏土开展一系列长期不排水循环加载三轴试验,分别考虑围压、动应力比和频率3种因素,特别是对高频(f5 Hz)下土体的动力弱化特性进行了研究。试验结果表明:累积塑性应变与累积孔压随着循环次数的增加而增大并且趋于稳定,呈现出应变软化和孔压软化现象。割线动变形刚度模量和割线动弹性刚度模量则随着循环次数的增加,先急剧降低然后趋于稳定,从而表现出刚度弱化现象。进一步研究了割线动弹性刚度模量与循环应变幅值的关系,割线动弹性刚度模量的衰减趋势受动应力比和频率的影响不大,与围压有关,围压越大,割线动弹性刚度模量衰减趋势越慢,衰减稳定幅值越低。     

滩地刚性植物消浪作用特性研究

滩地植物有利于保障沿海地区的水安全,量化成熟期植物消浪作用是提升生态海岸韧性的基础。本文基于一般试验规律和两种波高消减模型,分析提出了新的滩地植物消浪系数计算方法,结合波高条件可计算林带消浪后波高,相关表达式由大量试验数据进行了验证,最后对比了由本文方法与规范方法计算的林带后波高。结果表明,阻尼因数及消浪系数能直观体现植物消浪作用特性,波浪传播方向上植物面积占横截面比例是影响植物消浪机理的关键无量纲参数。植物非淹没时,本文方法得到的林带后波高与规范方法接近;植物淹没时,本文方法能更准确描述植物消浪作用。相较于规范方法,本文方法考虑了植物淹没情况,直观揭示了林带密度、宽度、高度,植物平均直径,水深等参数的影响,适用于更多工况。基于植物消浪作用的模型可快速研判相关参数变化对植物消浪效果的影响,为生态海堤滩地刚性植物规划设计及数模研究提供科学和技术支撑。     

Nonlinear IV unit root tests in panels with cross-sectional dependency

We propose a unit root test for panels with cross-sectional dependency. We allow general dependency structure among the innovations that generate data for each of the cross-sectional units. Each unit may have different sample size, and therefore unbalanced panels are also permitted in our framework. Yet, the test is asymptotically normal, and does not require any tabulation of the critical values. Our test is based on nonlinear IV estimation of the usual augmented Dickey–Fuller type regression for each cross-sectional unit, using as instruments nonlinear transformations of the lagged levels. The actual test statistic is simply defined as a standardized sum of individual IV t-ratios. We show in the paper that such a standardized sum of individual IV t-ratios has limit normal distribution as long as the panels have large individual time series observations and are asymptotically balanced in a very weak sense. We may have the number of cross-sectional units arbitrarily small or large. In particular, the usual sequential asymptotics, upon which most of the available asymptotic theories for panel unit root models heavily rely, are not required. Finite sample performance of our test is examined via a set of simulations, and compared with those of other commonly used panel unit root tests. Our test generally performs better than the existing tests in terms of both finite sample sizes and powers. We apply our nonlinear IV method to test for the purchasing power parity hypothesis in panels.     

Multiple aspect testing for case-control designs

When testing for the equality of two distributions in a case-control design with treatment effects presumed to act possibly on more than one aspect, different tests may be properly considered for testing for different features of a null hypothesis, leading to the multiple aspect testing issue. Two different aspects are therefore of interest: the location-aspect, based on the comparison of location indexes, and the distributional-aspect, based on the comparison of the empirical distribution functions. A simulation study shows that the combined testing procedure exhibits a good robust overall performance, and an application in biomedical research is also presented.     

Monotonicity of Rank Statistics in some Non–parametric: Testing Problems

For some non–parametric testing problems (one–sided two–sample problem, k –sample trend problem, testing independence against positive dependence) a partial ordering, denoted by ≥, over the alternatives is defined. This partial ordering expresses the strength of the deviation from the null–hypothesis. All familiar rank tests turn out to become more powerful under "increasing" alternatives; that is, all familiar rank statistics preserve the ordering stochastically in samples whenever it is present between underlying distributions. As a tool, the sample equivalence of ≥ is introduced as a partial ordering over pairs of permutations. Functions, defined on pairs of permutations, which preserve this ordering are studied.     

Testing equality of variances in the analysis of repeated measurements

The problem of comparing the precisions of two instruments using repeated measurements can be cast as an extension of the Pitman-Morgan problem of testing equality of variances of a bivariate normal distribution. Hawkins (1981) decomposes the hypothesis of equal variances in this model into two subhypotheses for which simple tests exist. For the overall hypothesis he proposes to combine the tests of the subhypotheses using Fisher's method and empirically compares the component tests and their combination with the likelihood ratio test. In this paper an attempt is made to resolve some discrepancies and puzzling conclusions in Hawkins's study and to propose simple modifications.
The new tests are compared to the tests discussed by Hawkins and to each other both in terms of the finite sample power (estimated by Monte Carlo simulation) and theoretically in terms of asymptotic relative efficiencies.     

中国城市化与经济增长的动态计量分析

为探讨我国城市化与经济增长之间的相互作用和相互影响,文章依据1978~2004年的时序数据,利用协整检验、格兰杰因果检验、误差修正模型、脉冲响应及方差分解等方法,对城市化水平与经济增长的关系进行动态计量分析。结果发现,经济增长是城市化水平提高的格兰杰原因,经济增长对城市化产生较大的正向冲击效应,而城市化对经济增长的作用强度不大;城市化水平受人均GDP影响的效应逐步增强,受自身影响的效应不断减弱,而人均GDP受自身波动影响的效应不断上升,受城市化水平影响的强度逐步下降。对我国城市化与经济增长关系的深入认识,有利于各级政府在推动城市化和促进经济增长的过程中采取合理对策,避免走入误区。     

密实度对砂卵砾石料强度及变形特性的影响

为研究试样相对密度对砂卵砾石料强度及变形特性的影响,对4组不同相对密度的砂卵砾石料进行不同围压下的中型三轴固结排水剪切试验。试验结果表明:在试验的相对密度范围内,随着围压增大,相对密度小的试样应力应变曲线硬化特征逐渐明显,而相对密度大的试样无论围压大小,应力应变曲线都呈应变软化型;试样在剪切过程中均表现出不同程度的剪胀性;试样抗剪强度指标φ和φ0随着试样相对密度Dr增大而增大,c和Δφ随Dr增大而减小,并建立了试样抗剪强度与相对密度的函数关系式;割线模量、切线体积模量都随Dr增大而增大,可近似用线性关系表示。