某人工弯道式渠首分层取水结构段模型试验研究

以某人工弯道式渠首改造工程为背景,在人工弯道式渠首泄洪闸上游设置分层取水结构段,用 水平隔板将水流分开,上层引水、下层冲沙。研究了分层取水建筑物的水力特性,解决了人工弯道式渠 首建筑物的引水和排沙问题。为确定该分层取水结构段的结构设计合理性,采用水工模型试验方法,分 别对不冲沙和泄洪闸单孔冲沙两种试验工况,观察分析了分层取水结构段的水流流态,并测量各个断面 的水深、流速、引水流量和冲沙流量等水力要素。结果表明:该分层取水结构段能达到设计的引水流量 要求;且单孔冲沙时,闸门开度越大,冲沙效果越好。该试验结果可为类似的多泥沙河流的综合整治工 作提供借鉴。     

波流耦合作用下紊流边界层水沙数学模型

在河口地区,波流相互作用下紊流边界层的泥沙起动输移规律非常复杂,深入探讨其泥沙运动规律很有必要。该文基于波浪边界层的控制方程,引入了时均水流压力,通过波流相互作用下的摩阻流速反映波浪与水流的夹角,用标准k-ε模型封闭方程,建立了波流叠加的紊流边界层内的弱耦合水流模型,分别讨论了波浪速度振幅、时均流速等的分布情况,与实测数据对比得到了较好的模拟结果。其次,基于水流模型建立了泥沙模型,采用对称振荡流和波流相互作用两种情况下的泥沙实测数据验证了泥沙模型的正确性,讨论了不同分布规律的涡黏系数对于模型的影响,为实际工程提供理论参考,结果具有一定的指导意义。     

氮肥对地下水中氮迁转机理研究

为研究地下水中“三氮”迁移转化的主要影响因子,以江西省泰和县境内的千烟洲试验站为研究对象,根据研究需要进行了实验区域的划定,对研究区域的地下水位、“三氮”、铁、锰和pH值进行了长期的监测,通过数据整理、作图分析后,利用SPSS软件对“三氮”、总铁、可滤态锰和pH值的相关性进行分析。结果表明:研究区地下水已经受到了农业氮面源污染的影响;地下水中铁、锰具有显著的伴生性;铵态氮和亚硝酸盐态氮与铁、锰存在显著的正相关。总铁、可滤态锰、pH值、温度和降雨是地下水中“三氮”迁移转化的主要影响因子。通过“三氮”迁移转化影响因子的分析,可为农业氮面源污染的防治提供一定的理论基础。     

木垒河悬移质泥沙特性分析

河流泥沙是反映流域水土流失严重程度和河川径流特性的重要指标,是合理开发利用地表水资源,建设水利设施必须考虑的一个重要指标。河流泥沙不仅关系河流本身的发展演变,也反映了流域环境特性及人类活动的影响。木垒河是一条多沙河流,泥沙问题不太引起关注,研究也相对缺乏。本文就木垒河泥沙资料分析,对木垒河泥沙的主要来源、分部、年内变化等时空演变进行了初步分析,为木垒河流域水资源合理开发提供一定的参考。     

东洋河水文站多年输沙量分析

分析了东洋河水文站60年的降雨、径流和输沙量资料,结果表明东洋河流域的年径流量和年输沙量都呈减小趋势。输沙量的年内分配与水量的年内分配密切相关,主要集中在主汛期7~9月。探讨了输沙量变化的影响要素,提出了防治水土流失的建议。     

赣江水沙关系变化模拟

利用赣江上游坝上、峡山、翰林桥、居龙滩水文站、中游峡江水文站和下游外洲水文站1957~2010年径流量与悬移质泥沙输沙量监测资料,分析赣江水沙关系特征和水沙关系的多年变化情况;通过经验模拟,探讨水沙关系变化的原因与发展趋势.结果表明,无论是上游(赣州)、中游峡江站,还是下游外洲站,年输沙量与年径流量相关点群均呈双层分布,分层时间(年份)节点有所不同.     

茅洲河全流域水环境综合治理方案及创新

茅洲河水环境综合治理工程规模大,水质污染成因成分复杂,有机质、营养盐、重金属污染重,治理区域人员、企业密度大,且需要跨界协同治理。本文通过分析该项目的治理技术路线,制定了双核驱动、多联协同的治理技术路线,并采取雨污管网、活水补水等六类工程措施,使茅洲河国考断面水质提前达到考核目标。在治理过程中通过技术创新,保证了工程质量、进度,可为国内类似城市高密度建成区水环境治理提供借鉴。     

Experimental study on acute impacts of hyper-concentrated flow on Gymnocypris Eckloni and implication for sediment management

Significant increases in suspended sediment concentration (SSC) always occur during dam removal or sediment flushing processes, which could result in acute impacts on aquatic organisms. An analysis of the potential impact of the Huangheyuan hydropower dam removal on the upper reaches of the Yellow River is required for adaptive management. But the reports on the impact of high SSC on fishes living in rivers in the plateau areas are limited. Further studies on impact factors, fish behavior, and assessment methods were performed in this paper. The acute response of a typical fish, Gymnocypris eckloni, was tested by experiments with sediment concentrations ranging from 3.3 × 10³ to 80.78 × 10³ mg·L⁻¹. The changes in fish aquatic surface respiration (ASR) behavior were analyzed under different SSCs. The cluster analysis of the environmental factors was conducted to analyze the relationship between the factors and fish mortality. The severity of ill effects (SEV) model was improved to assess the acute impact on fish. The results indicated that the SSC was the most related factor. The ASR could be induced by the SSC higher than 21 × 10³ mg·L⁻¹, and fish mortality was caused by SSC higher than 55 × 10³ mg·L⁻¹. The thresholds of SSC and exposure duration for fish protection were proposed to be less than 55 × 10³ mg·L⁻¹ and 6 hr, respectively. The findings could support the planning and regulation of dam sediment management on plateau areas.     

3D CFD validation of invert trap efficiency for sewer solid management using VOF model

Earlier investigators have numerically carried out performance analysis of the invert trap fitted in an open channel using the stochastic discrete phase model(DPM) by assuming the open channel flow to be closed conduit flow under pressure and assuming zero shear stress at the top wall.This is known as the fixed lid model.By assuming the top wall to be a shear free wall,they have been able to show that the velocity distribution looks similar to that of an open channel flow with zero velocity at the bottom and maximum velocity at the top,representing the free water surface,but no information has been provided for the pressure at the free water surface.Because of this assumption,the validation of the model in predicting the trap efficiency has performed significantly poorly.In addition,the free water surface subject to zero gauge pressure cannot be modeled using the fixed lid model because there is no provision of extra space in the form of air space for the fluctuating part of the water surface profile.It can.however,be modeled using the volume of fluid(VOF) model because the VOF model is the appropriate model for open channel or free surface flow.Therefore,in the present study,three-dimensional(3D) computational fluid dynamics(CFD) modeling with the VOF model,which considers open channel flow with a free water surface,along with the stochastic DPM.was used to model the trap efficiency of an invert trap fitted in an open rectangular channel.The governing mathematical flow equations of the VOF model were solved using the ANSYS Fluent 14.0 software,reproducing the experimental conditions exactly.The results show that the 3D CFD predictions using the VOF model closely fit the experimental data for glass bead particles.     

龙口水利枢纽工程总体布置及消能防冲设计

龙口水利枢纽工程设计过程中,充分考虑了各方面因素,合理利用地形和地质条件,解决了狭窄河道多建筑物枢纽总体布置、多泥沙河流排沙及大流量泄洪消能设施设计等问题,并经整体水工模型试验验证设计方案合理、切实可行。