考虑地下水入渗的一维水动力学模型研究

考虑地下水入渗的一维水动力学模型可从物理机制上综合模拟河道水流与地下水之间的互动关系,为地下水入渗过程活跃河段的水流模拟提供基础方法。引入达西定律,通过渗流方向假设及渗流路径长度假设,推导构建了地下水入渗项的数学表达式。分析表明,该项可合理反映河道水流与地下水间的补给与反补给关系;将其整合至圣维南方程组,并通过Preissmann四点线性隐式差分格式求解。从理论上讨论了该模型的适用条件。当地下水入渗没有严格符合假设条件时,可通过调整渗透系数及平均导渗率弥补。考虑地下水入渗的一维水动力学模型能够动态反映河道上各断面水流与地下水之间的交互关系,定量分析地下水入渗水量,有利于提高一维水流的模拟精度。     

密排加糙床面消力池自由水跃跃长计算

水跃长度作为消力池设计的重要参数,对消力池安全稳定以及经济合理的影响效果显著。通过建立水跃区水体质点的运动方程,研究密排加糙床面消力池水跃旋滚长度和水跃长度的变化规律,提出了水跃旋滚长度和水跃长度计算的理论方法,并根据已有文献的试验数据对所推公式涉及的物理参数进行率定。计算研究结果表明,密排加糙床面消力池水跃旋滚长度和水跃长度均随跃前断面弗劳德数、跃前断面水深和水跃共轭水深比的增大而增大,随着床面当量粗糙高度的增加而减小。经验证发现,水跃旋滚长度和水跃长度的计算值与实测值接近。     

Do jobs follow people or people follow jobs? A meta-analysis of Carlino–Mills studies

Do jobs follow people or people follow jobs? A meta-analysis of Carlino–Mills studies. Spatial Economic Analysis. This study examines the classic question as to whether ‘jobs follow people’ or ‘people follow jobs’ by performing a meta-analysis of 321 results from 64 Carlino–Mills studies. It is found that the results are highly divergent, but that more results point towards ‘jobs following people’ than towards ‘people following jobs’. When it comes to the reasons for the variation in results, we find that the results are mostly shaped by the geographical location, spatial resolution, and population and employment characteristics present in the data, as well as by the model’s specification, its functional form and the spatial weight matrix specification.     

On dividends in the phase–type dual risk model

The dual risk model assumes that the surplus of a company decreases at a constant rate over time, and grows by means of upward jumps which occur at random times with random sizes. In the present work, we study the dual risk renewal model when the waiting times are phase-type distributed. Using the roots of the fundamental and the generalized Lundberg’s equations, we get expressions for the ruin probability and the Laplace transform of the time of ruin for an arbitrary single gain distribution. Then, we address the calculation of expected discounted future dividends particularly when the individual common gains follow a phase-type distribution. We further show that the optimal dividend barrier does not depend on the initial reserve. As far as the roots of the Lundberg equations and the time of ruin are concerned, we address the existing formulae in the corresponding Sparre-Andersen insurance risk model for the first hitting time, and we generalize them to cover also the situations where we have multiple roots. We do that working a new approach and technique, approach we also use for working the dividends, unlike others, it can be also applied for every situation.     

Farmers’ crop insurance perception and participation decisions: empirical evidence from Hunan,China

The measurement of risk perception and risk attitudes, and their link to actual risk behaviors have been extensively discussed. However, the potential impact of perception of risk management instruments on the decision to use those instruments has rarely been addressed. This article hypothesizes that the degree of perception of insurance contracts and participation decisions could have substantial mutual influence depending on the development of the market. An empirical work is carried out based on a survey of data for paddy rice farmers in Hunan Province, China. It shows that the sampled farmers’ crop insurance perception was surprisingly low despite years of pilot programs and tens of billions of expenditure in government subsidies. The result of simultaneous equations model indicates that crop insurance perception and participation are simultaneously determined and mutually improving. Moreover, empirical evidence indicates that the impact of crop insurance participation on perception is slightly stronger than that of perception on participation, and thus provides weak evidence of a ‘learning-by-doing’ stage in China at present. Together with evidence of substantial local disparities in perception, implications for the Chinese government in further cultivating the crop and rural insurance market are discussed.     

成层土质边坡稳定性极限曲线法

滑移线场理论在非均质边坡稳定性分析中的单独应用还未见相关报道,提出了基于该理论以土坡变形情况评价成层土坡稳定性的极限曲线法。该法是求有重边坡极限荷载的逆过程,是强度折减法的对偶过程。以极限稳定状态下坡面曲线与原坡面线相交为变形破坏准则,定义了安全度(DOS)和破坏度(DOF)2个稳定性评价指标。将均质土体的特征线法方程组拓展为成层土体情形,原方程组为其特例;依据将土层分界面看成特殊应力间断面的观点,研究了滑移线在土层分界面发生折射的条件与公式。相对于传统方法,该法不必假定和搜索滑裂面。7个成层土坡实例计算结果证明了变形破坏准则的正确性,DOS,DOF与安全系数的评价结论一致,表明该法对成层土坡具有一定适用性。     

突扩式水跃跃长的计算公式推导与验证

水跃长度为突扩式消力池设计的重要参数,对消力池安全稳定以及经济合理的影响效果显著。通过建立水跃区水体质点的运动方程,研究突扩式消力池水跃跃长的变化规律。提出了突扩式水跃跃长的半理论公式,并用已有文献的实测数据对其进行验证。研究表明突扩式消力池水跃长度是跃前断面弗劳德数、跃前断面平均水深、水跃共轭水深比和消力池突扩比的函数,并随着跃前断面弗劳德数、跃前断面平均水深和水跃共轭水深比的增大而增大。结果显示,公式计算的突扩式水跃长度平均误差为4.32%,在5种体形共48组工况下只有5组工况的水跃长度相对误差>10%,且最大相对误差为-12.52%,其余工况下相对误差均<10%。     

Operations in banking: the service quality and effects on satisfaction and loyalty

This paper studies the service quality provided by the banks. The objectives are (i) to identify which aspects of the transactions carried out by the banks are important for the service quality perceived by the customers, taking into account some aspects that are sometimes ignored (online channels) and (ii) to observe how service quality influences customer satisfaction and how customer satisfaction affects the loyalty towards the bank. Using a factor analysis, the research identifies the operative, physical, new technologies and human factors. Next, using structural equations models with AMOS, the results show an influence of the operative aspects and the new technologies on service quality, as well as the confirmation of quality as a precedent to customer satisfaction, and how such satisfaction influences on customer's loyalty towards the bank.     

Modeling population dynamics and economic growth as competing species: An application to CO2 global emissions

Since the beginning of the last century the world is experiencing an important demographic transition, which will probably impact on economic growth. Many demographers and social scientists are trying to understand the key drivers of such transition as well as its profound implications. A correct understanding will help to predict other important trends of the world primary energy demand and the carbon emission to the atmosphere, which may be leading to an important climate change. This paper proposes a set of coupled differential equations to describe the changes of population, gross domestic product, primary energy consumption and carbon emissions, modeled as competing species as in Lotka-Volterra prey-predator relations. The predator-prey model is well known in the biological, ecological and environmental literature and has also been applied successfully in other fields. This model proposes a new and simple conceptual explanation of the interactions and feedbacks among the principal driving forces leading to the present transition. The estimated results for the temporal evolution of world population, gross domestic product, primary energy consumption and carbon emissions are calculated from year 1850 to year 2150. The calculated scenarios are in good agreement with common world data and projections for the next 100 years.     

直线法线式方程在建筑施工放样中的应用

建筑物轴线的放样主要是计算出各轴线的交点的坐标,然后通过全站仪极坐标放样的方法定出轴线交点的位置。由于建筑物坐标系和测量坐标系不同,应先通过坐标转换将建筑物轴线交点转换为测量指标,本文提出无需进行坐标转换,而是通过建立建筑方格网主轴线法线式直线方程,并以此推求出建筑物轴线的法线式直线方程,进而通过解方程组求得交点坐标。