电镀废水处理站DTCR辅助氢氧化物沉淀工艺改造

某废水处理站改造前采用传统氢氧化物沉淀工艺处理高浓度含铬、氰镉电镀废水,运行不稳定,出水不能达标排放。工艺改造后增加了高分子重金属捕集沉淀剂DTCR辅助去除重金属,在含铬废水DTCR投加量为50 mg/L、含氰镉废水DTCR投加量为10 mg/L条件下,出水总铬、镉分别稳定在0.5 mg/L、0.2 mg/L以下,远低于《电镀污染物排放标准》(GB 21900—2008)限值。     

A3菌产絮凝剂培养动力学及靛蓝废水脱色研究

从土壤中筛选出1株产微生物絮凝剂的菌株A3,利用均匀设计安排试验,用曲线拟合创建数学模型的方法研究了其产絮凝剂的培养基条件和利用A3菌产絮凝剂对靛蓝废水进行脱色处理,获得A3菌最佳絮凝剂生产条件和最佳靛蓝废水脱色工艺.结果表明,A3菌产絮凝剂的最佳培养条件为葡萄糖添加量2.2%、酵母膏添加量0.51%、pH 7.6、温...     

反渗透处理高含盐废水的实验研究与膜污染分析

试验以经过混凝-超滤预处理后的高含盐废水为研究对象,考察了一级两段反渗透处理工艺对CODcr、TDS等的去除效果以及操作压力、温度、pH等因素对反渗透去除效果的影响。研究表明:在最佳工艺条件下,CODcr的去除率大于90%,TDS的去除率大于99%。反渗透处理后出水达到工业循环冷却水水质要求(GB50330-2002)。膜受污染后采用化学清洗和水力清洗相结合的方法可使膜的透水量恢复97.53%。     

H_2O_2、Fenton试剂与活性炭联用对COD_(Cr)去除效果的对比试验研究

为了开发高效低成本、达到回用水质标准的污水处理工艺,本试验采用H2O2、Fenton试剂与活性炭联用对CODCr进行去除的对比试验研究。结果表明:在室温下200 mL水样,当pH为3,震荡强度为150 rpm时,Fenton试剂-活性炭联用与H2O2-活性炭相比,活性炭用量少200 mg,时间缩短10 h,CODCr去除率高17.6%。试验揭示了Fenton试剂-活性炭联用的反应机理:Fe2+与活性炭共同催化分解H2O2生成大量.OH,能快速氧化降解有机物,使CODCr浓度迅速降低。从工程应用角度和技术经济方面考虑,Fenton试剂-活性炭联用的pH值在5～7适宜;且处理成本更低。Fenton试剂-活性炭联用是处理二级出水CODCr高效、低耗的方法,值得进一步研究和推广应用。     

超声协同Fenton法与类Fenton法预处理莠去津农药废水研究

针对莠去津农药废水有机物浓度高、含盐量高、有机物难降解等问题,提出了辅以超声协同的Fenton和类Fenton技术进行废水的预处理研究。分别研究了中性条件和酸性条件下,超声协同的Fenton以及类Fenton技术对废水有机物的去除率,并对比单独超声、Fenton以及类Fenton技术。结果表明:辅以超声作用后,TOC去除效果优于单独Fenton和类Fenton技术;针对超声Fenton和超声类Fenton协同技术,相比于中性条件下,酸性条件下能得到更高的TOC去除率,并且超声Fenton技术优于超声类Fenton技术,最高TOC去除率达到48.5%。因此,酸性条件下的超声辅助的芬顿法可作为莠去津农药废水的预处理方法。     

The future sustainability of water supply in Kuwait

Abstract

The main natural source of water available in Kuwait is the brackish groundwater located in the Kuwait Group and the Dammam aquifers, where the salinity ranges from 4300 to 10200 mg/l and from 2500 to 10000 mg/l, respectively. Limited fresh groundwater resources in Al‐Rawdhatain and Umm Al‐Aish fields, which have a salinity of 359 ‐1737 mg/l, are also available. Most of the groundwater in Kuwait is used for irrigation, domestic purposes, small‐scale industries and for blending with distilled water. Because rainfall is seasonal and less than annual evaporation, the recharge of the groundwater from rainfall is negligible. The objective of this paper is to assess the different water resources in Kuwait in order to make an integrated management plan and to focus on future sustainability. Generally, in the State of Kuwait, there is increasing pressure on the natural water resources because of the exploitation of the aquifers at a rate exceeding that of both the groundwater recharge and population growth (from 1.4 million in 1980 to 2.55 million in 2003). This has lead to the observed decline in groundwater level and to the deterioration of water quality. In the early 1950s, a plan was endorsed in Kuwait to establish seawater desalination plants. By 2005, six desalination plants have been established, with a total capacity of distillation units of 1434.72 ×103 m³/d (315.6 MIGD). However, the gross maximum consumption for the year 2003 reached a value of 1440.17 ×103 m³/d (316.8 MIGD), which is higher than the total capacity of the available distillation units. Given the limitation of conventional water and the shortages of non‐conventional water, along with the increasing population, Kuwait must consider the recycling of wastewater for irrigation, industrial or any other unrestricted non‐potable purpose.     

Redefining the Water Poverty Index

Abstract

The Water Poverty Index (WPI) of arid and semiarid climatic zones is redefined by introducing the contribution of rainfed agriculture into WPI calculations and by making the WPI equation account for diversities in climatic conditions within arid and semiarid zones and for recycled household water used in irrigation.     

气提式接触氧化法处理生活污水的试验研究

针对气提式接触氧化法处理生活污水处理效果的影响因素,在实验室条件下,以某中学学生住宿区的生活污水为原水,结合概率与统计学中的正交试验原理,分析论证了水温,气水比,水力负荷对考察指标COD去除率的影响显著性。结果表明,水温在20℃时,处理效果相对较好,最佳气水比和水力负荷分别为16∶1和5.0 m3/d,COD和氨氮平均去除率分别为80%和56%,且出水COD、氨氮等指标均达到了城市杂用水水质标准的要求。     

新型UBAF处理合成洗涤剂废水中难降解LAS的效能研究

通过在清水区悬挂生物绳软填料的上向流曝气生物滤池处理合成洗涤剂废水的试验,研究了水力负荷、气水比、污染负荷、滤层高度及溶解氧等对LAS处理效能的影响。结果表明:水力负荷、气水比及滤层厚度是新型UBAF处理效能的主要影响因素,进水污染负荷对LAS处理效能的影响不显著。废水LAS浓度与流经的滤层厚度存在很好的指数关系:Ch=C0ekh。新型UBAF的挂膜性能好,启动速度快,对COD、LAS的处理效能有一定提高。在水力负荷1.1 m3/(m2.h),气水比3∶1～4∶1的运行条件下,对典型合成洗涤剂废水中的LAS去除率达80%以上,处理水的LAS指标达到排放标准。     

EDTA-粉煤灰/H2O2体系处理模拟制革废水的试验研究

通过实验以及动力学分析表明用配体的引入对体系进行改进,提高了基于粉煤灰的多相类Fenton体系对模拟制革废水的去除效果,同时得到EDTA-粉煤灰/H2O2体系降解模拟制革废水的最佳反应条件:在室温下,反应pH值为10,初始COD值为110.8 mg/L,过氧化氢浓度为200.4 mg/L,EDTA的浓度为250 mmol/L,粉煤灰投加量为10 g/L的情况下,COD和色度的去除率都在95%以上,粉煤灰在多次使用后,COD去除率均达到97%以上。