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121.
西安市水问题现状分析与节水对策研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
西安市是严重缺水的城市,水资源紧缺已经成为制约其发展的因素之一。本文通过调查研究,对西安市水问题进行了现状分析,并从节约用水、推广使用再生水、开发利用雨水等三个方面提出可行的节水对策。 相似文献
122.
Diana Hurdowar-Castro Ioannis Tsanis Ilmar Simanovskis 《Journal of Great Lakes research》2007,33(1):232-252
A 3D transport model is used to perform a comparative analysis of several potential drinking water intakes located along the northwest shore of Lake Ontario between Toronto and Oshawa. The model is specifically used to assess each intake under both long- and short-term transport of a potential pollutant release from the Pickering Nuclear Generating Station and potential and actual pollutant releases from local land sources respectively. A model based on a 500 m grid resolution is calibrated using data collected in the aftermath of the 1992 tritium spill at the Pickering Nuclear Generation Station and subsequently used to simulate long-term transport. A model based on a 100 m grid resolution is verified using drogue studies and used to simulate short-term transport events. Both models are used to assess pollutant levels at each of nine potential intake locations under different wind scenarios and pollutant releases. Field data for the study included water quality and flow measurements from local sewers and rivers, and estimates of pollutant levels from the local waste water treatment plants. This paper describes the model setup for both the long-term and short-term transport models, calibration using field data, long-term transport modeling, short-term transport modeling, and the comprehensive analysis approach used to evaluate the nine potential intake locations proposed. Results indicated that four intakes in particular outperformed other intake locations by maintaining bottom pollutant levels within governmental standards and warning times that exceeded 20 hours. 相似文献
123.
124.
山西省水资源开发利用对策措施 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过对山西省水资源状况及面临的水资源形势分析,提出了山西省水资源开发和利用的对策。山西省在未来10年内水资源开发利用应继续遵循“西引黄河,东抓蓄调,腹部盆地节调并举”的战略思想,只有加强以农田水利为重点的农村基础设施建设,继续抓好大中型水利工程的立项建设,鼓励支持社会各方力量兴办中小型水利工程,加强农业节水工程建设,推广农业高效用水技术,才能使山西省大部分地区的水资源短缺状况将得到极大改善,为全省国民经济和社会可持续发展提供支撑和保障。 相似文献
125.
Yu. S. Gorbunov A. G. Ageev R. V. Vasil’eva B. M. Korol’kov 《Power Technology and Engineering (formerly Hydrotechnical Construction)》2007,41(3):166-170
A system for the direct measurement of steam flow in steam lines after a steam generator, which utilizes a special design
of pneumometric tubes and a computing unit that accounts for variation in steam pressure, has been developed to improve the
quality of water-level regulation in the steam generators of VVéR-1000 power-generating units in the stationary and transitional
modes. The advantage of the pneumometric tubes consists in their structural simplicity, high erosion resistance, and absence
of irrevocable losses during measurement of steam flow. A similar measurement system is used at foreign NPP. The measurement
system in question has been placed in experimental service at the No. 3 unit of the Balakovo NPP, and has demonstrated its
worthiness. This measurement system can also be used to determine steam flow in the steam lines of NPP units with VVéR-1000
and VVéR-440 reactors, and PBMK-1000 power-generating units.
__________
Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 3, March 2007, pp. 23–26. 相似文献
126.
Marcela Brugnach Andrew Tagg Florian Keil Wim J. de Lange 《Water Resources Management》2007,21(7):1075-1090
The use of computer models offers a general and flexible framework that can help to deal with some of the complexities and
difficulties associated with the development of water management plans as prescribed by the Water Framework Directive. However,
despite the advantages modelling presents, the integration of information derived from models into policy is far away from
being trivial or the norm. Part of the difficulties of this integration is rooted in the lack of confidence policy makers
have on the incorporation of modelling information into policy formulation. In this paper we examine the reasons for this
apparent lack of confidence and explore how some tools, presently in use, address this problem. We conclude that public confidence
in models is highly dependent on the way uncertainties are addressed and suggest possible directions of action to improve
the current situation. Four real case studies illustrate how computer models have been used in The Netherlands for carrying
out management plans at regional and national scale. We suggest that the solution to integrate modelling information into
policy formulation lies on both the modelling and the policy-making communities. 相似文献
127.
中部地区水资源总量为39.61亿m3。城市用水与农业、生态用水矛盾突出,城市供水能力不足,水污染问题严重,地下水超采严重,水资源开发利用不协调。该区水资源已无进一步开发利用的潜力,需通过调水工程解决缺水问题。水资源配置思路为从地处松花江上游的丰满水库引水,增加供水能力。 相似文献
128.
全球气候变暖对水资源的影响 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
全球气候变暖加剧了干旱、洪涝、台风等自然灾害的发生,是目前各国政府和社会公众普遍关注的热点问题。根据有关资料对气候变暖研究进展情况作相关介绍,可供参考。 相似文献
129.
Suitability of sweet sorghum in Greece, where irrigation supply during crop development is limited as rainfall is scarce and
evapotranspiration loss is high, is examined in relation with radiation availability. A two-year field experiment was conducted,
in central Greece, imposing four soil water regimes via different irrigation treatments: (1) Highly irrigated, (2) Highly
irrigated till anthesis when irrigation stopped, (3) Medium irrigated, and (4) Low irrigated. It was found that above-ground
dry biomass production from non-water-stressed sweet sorghum plants suggests a high productivity potential among C4 crops. Under water shortage, radiation use efficiency may be significantly lower. Radiation use efficiency seems to be linearly
related to water consumption. Stressed plants (probably except severely stressed) seem to use available water more efficiently
than unstressed plants. The slope of the line relating dry matter produced and water evapotranspired increases the sooner
the stress is sensed. Yield reduction resulting from post-anthesis irrigation stopage is very little. High water use efficiency
values tend to be related with low radiation use efficiency values. 相似文献
130.
Optimal Locations of Groundwater Extractions in Coastal Aquifers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A regional water supply management model for coastal aquifers was developed. One of its outcomes is the definition of the
optimized locations for groundwater withdrawal. Such a tool permits the analysis of alternative plans for groundwater extraction
and the sustainable use of water resources in a coastal aquifer subject to saltwater intrusion. The principal components are
the evolutionary optimization and the analytical/numerical simulation models. The optimization technique looks for the best
well locations taking into consideration the economic results and the satisfaction of the societal water demand. However these
two concerns are conditioned by trying to control the saltwater intrusion, i.e., preserving the environmental equilibrium.
The simulation model uses the governing mathematical equations for groundwater movement to find the interface between freshwater
and saltwater. Because of the non-linearity in the system and the possibility of a jumping interface, a security distance
was defined. This is a controlling variable which can be set by the decision makers. The model was applied to a typical case
with interesting results. For example, diagrams showing the relationship between the location of the wells and the security
distance(s) are of importance to the managers. It was also crucial to have an understanding of the tradeoffs between groundwater
withdrawals, positions of the wells from the coast line, and the security distance. The model was also applied to a real case
in order to relate the extractions, distances and artificial recharge (not presented in this paper). 相似文献