四川城镇居民消费结构量化分析及对策研究

在用扩展线性支出系统对2005年四川省城镇居民消费结构进行分析的基础上,针对四川省城镇居民现阶段消费结构的特点,提出优化消费结构的建议及对策。     

试论人的充分消费与人的可持续发展的实现

文章论述了人的充分消费与人的可持续发展的内在本质共性,指出人的充分消费与人的可持续发展具有全面性、阶段性和连贯性,在此基础上提出实现人的充分消费与人的可持续发展的有机融合转变:实现提高赚钱本事为主向提高花钱本事为主有机融合转变,实现提高物质文明为主向提高精神文明为主有机融合转变,实现提高生存长久为主向提高快乐长久为主的有机融合转变。     

Water-table variation in a sloping aquifer due to random recharge

Variation in the level of the water table is closely linked with recharge. Therefore, any uncertainty associated with the recharge rate is bound to affect the nature of the water-table fluctuation. In this note, a ditch-drainage problem of a sloping aquifer is considered to investigate the effect of uncertainty in the recharge rate on water-table fluctuation. The rate of recharge is taken as an exponentially decaying function with its decay constant as a Gaussian random variable. Expressions for the first two moments of the water-table height, i.e. mean and standard deviation, are presented. By using these expressions, the effect of uncertainty in the recharge rate on the water-table fluctuation has been analyzed with the help of a numerical example.     

Optimization of recharge and pumping rates by means of an inverse 3D model

The paper concerns the optimization of pumping and artificial recharge rates under hydraulic head constraints. This optimization is accomplished by means of an inverse three-dimensional (3D) model which is a combination of a numerical model, sensitivity analyses and nonlinear regression. The optimization criterion used is the minimization of the sum of the squares between the calculated and the desired water table maps. These maps were established for the end of each month of the period from December to August so that the annual average flux is outward from the modeling area. This outward flux will push back the salt water intrusion. The assumed natural recharge rates of the different months equal the mean values of the period 1958–1977. The aquifer parameters describing the water conducting and storing properties are also required as input data as well as the initial hydraulic heads. The optimized parameters are the artificial recharge rates of the months December, January, February and March and the pumping rates of the months April, May, June, July and August. For the first-mentioned months, the pumping rates are considered as known. During the last-mentioned period, no artificial recharge is possible. A unique solution is obtained. To check the optimized rates, a water balance is made. With this balance, it is shown that the treated phreatic aquifer can be used as a subterranean reservoir to store water that is abundantly present in the winter until the summer when water demand is large. It is also proved that the salt-water intrusion can be stopped by the temporal storage of the artificial recharged water.     

论三峡水库泥沙淤积的控制——处理三峡水库泥沙的策略与措施

本文专门论述三峡水库泥沙淤积的控制，它是解决三峡工程泥沙问题的关键之一，首先介绍了根据多年研究，提出的利用水库长期使用方法，控制库容淤积，从而能保证绝大部分防洪库容和调节库容。其次提出按照水库积和回水的相互作用，利用防洪限制水位控制库尾回水抬高、筘辊重庆市洪水位抬高，以尽可能减少中、后期淹没，第三、着重阐述了在三峡水库泥沙研究中为了增加水库航深，首次提出航运控制调度的概念，以限制枯水期水位消落，增加其航深，在此基础上从水库淤积控制角度论述了三峡水库运用水位的选择。     

关于青狮潭水库向漓江旅游有偿供水问题之我见

漓江枯水季节不能全程通航，影响了旅游的发展。１９８７年以来，由青狮潭水库放水入漓江补充漓江水量，辅以适当的航道疏浚，解决了近期桂林至阳朔间的旅游、货运通航问题。由此而带来的经济效益估算累计１．５亿元．但是供水至今还是无偿的，有偿供水应该尽快得以实施。     

以礼河电厂冲击式机组流量效率在线监测的可行性研究

流量效率等运行参数的在线监测，是水电厂实现经济运行，提高发电效益的基础，也是现代水电厂告别旧的运行管理方式的重要标志之一．以礼河４级作为一个已投运多年且机组又属冲击型的电站，实现流量效率的在线监测前景如何？本文论证了其可行性，并提出了实现方案．     

长江流域水能资源开发的新举措：从三峡建设到金沙江开发

中国水资源十分丰富，但目前仅开发13％～14％。国家已明确了梯级滚动开发的方针。进一步开发长江流域，以此作为中国东、中、西部相互促进、协调发展的一个重要措施。同时明确中国三峡总公司为金沙江浪洛渡和向家坝两水电站的业主单位。长江上游金沙江段是可开发水能资源最集中的地区，总装机容量接近5000万kw，是“西电东送”北、中、南三条线中，中线的主要基地。争取在“十五”计划期间，溪洛渡和向家坝两电站其中有一个开工建设。