鹤岗市区水资源开发利用状况及潜力分析

在对鹤岗市区现状用水及近10 a用水情况调查分析基础上,对该区水资源开发利用状况、开发利用程度、潜力进行分析计算,并提出水资源开发利用存在的问题。     

流域水资源量保护与恢复若干问题的探讨

人口的大量增加,城市的迅速扩张,需水量增加,水资源过度地被开发、水环境恶化,导致人类可以利用的水资源越来越少,水资源保护实为重中之重。流域水资源的保护一度主要侧重于水质的保护,水量保护与恢复没有得到应有的关注。根据水资源量的特征和保护的意义,分析水资源量保护和恢复影响因素,探讨水资源保护的相关问题。     

山区小流域水土流失综合治理经济评价与效益分析——以天台县祥和溪等5条小流域为例

从天台祥和溪等5条小流域水土流失现状分析和水土流失综合治理措施出发,通过对坡改梯、水保林、经济林和小型水土保持工程的投入和效益分析,论证了水土流失综合治理的基础效益、生态效益和经济效益;同时通过对项目进行国民经济评价,经济内部收益率(EIRR)、经济净现值(ENPV)和效益费用比(EPCR)3项指标均达到要求。     

深覆盖层河道闸坝电站防沙布置试验研究

某闸坝式水电站坝址覆盖层深厚,河道欠宽阔,发电引用流量比例较高,受调节库容限制,库区泥沙将很快输移到达坝前,引水防沙问题突出。本文对施工围堰作为其电站枢纽引水防沙体系的效果进行了水工模型试验研究和分析。对四种挡沙坎布置型式进行了对比试验研究。表明,利用原有挡水围堰,结合纵向挡沙坎与排沙底孔联合作用既有利于施工方便,拉沙效果又较好,可达到电站＂门前清＂,较好的解决了大流量闸坝式电站的引水与防沙之间的矛盾。本研究成果的成功实施可减少工程投资,缩短工期,尤其对于在低水头、大单宽的多沙河流上修建的闸坝工程具有较好的借鉴意义。     

大同县陈庄水库改建溢洪道的水力学设计

陈庄水库是一座综合防洪、灌溉的小（1）型水库,文中从工程初步设计的角度,介绍了陈庄水库除险加固工程中溢洪道的设计。     

引嫩入白供水工程对嫩江鱼类影响分析

引嫩入白供水工程从嫩江引水为白城提供农业灌溉用水、城市饮用水和生态用水.引水时间为4月-10月,枯水期不引水.工程取水对取水前后白沙滩断面水位变化主要集中在5月-7月农业用水期,水位下降将对鱼类的产卵造成一定的不利影响,同时工程取水对下游水生生态环境产生的影响.     

黄河下游河湾平面参数特性及其实验研究

以黄河下游,尤其是游荡型河段的研究资料为背景,通过模型试验,在分析河势变化过程的基础上,运用数学统计与理论探讨,研究了不同水沙条件下河湾中心角、河湾半径和河湾跨度的变化趋势,初步揭示了随水沙、比降条件的改变,河势的变化过程,总结出河流在边界条件改变后河势演变的特点,对预测河道演变趋势,有效地河道整治具有一定的意义。     

Sensitivity of juvenile salmonid growth to future climate trends

Seasonal temperature and bioenergetic models were coupled to explore the impacts on juvenile salmonid growth of possible climate‐induced changes to mean annual water temperature and snowpack in four characteristic ecoregions. Increasing mean temperature increases juvenile growth in streams that currently experience cool spring temperatures. In streams with currently warm spring temperatures, an increase shortens the duration of optimal conditions and truncates growth. A loss of snow enhances growth in cool‐summer streams and decreases growth in warm‐summer streams. The relative impacts of such climate change trends will vary significantly across ecoregions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Water quality in the southern Tibetan Plateau: chemical evaluation of the Yarlung Tsangpo (Brahmaputra)

Yarlung Tsangpo (Brahmaputra) is the largest river system draining the northern slopes of the Himalayan ranges on the southern Tibetan Plateau. It remains one of only two large non‐regulated rivers in China. In this paper the chemical composition of Yarlung Tsangpo and its major tributaries (Raga Tsangpo, Nyangchu and Lhasa River) are studied. Water samples (n = 55) were collected and measured for major ions, trace elements and nutrients in order to: (1) define the present chemical quality of this water course; (2) address possible mechanisms governing the water chemical compositions, and (3) identify potential sources for contaminants. Multivariable analysis shows that geology and climate are the major explanatory variables for the spatial variation in water chemistry in this river system. In general, water chemistry is mainly controlled by carbonate weathering, with Ca²⁺ and HCO being the dominant ions. In addition, runoff from brackish/saline lakes and geothermal waters, enriched in Na⁺, Cl^?, SO, Mg²⁺ and Li, are major contributors of elevated concentrations of these solutes in the headwater regions resulting in a relatively high loading of total dissolved solids (TDS, 146–397 mg L^?1). Levels of most heavy metals and total dissolved nutrients were generally found to be low. However, elevated As concentration (avg. 95 μg L^?1) in the headwaters and additions from untreated wastewater were evident at some locations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Mathematical model to identify nitrogen variability in large rivers

The river Swale in Yorkshire, northern England has been the subject of many studies concerning water quality. This paper builds on existing data resources and previous 1D river water quality modelling applications at daily resolution (using QUESTOR) to provide a different perspective on understanding pollution, through simulation of the short‐term dynamics of nutrient transport along the river. The two main objectives are (1) building, calibration and evaluation of a detailed mathematical model (Advection‐Dispersion Model: ADModel), for nutrient transport under unsteady flow conditions and (2) the development of methods for estimating key parameters characterizing pollutant transport (velocity, dispersion coefficient and transformation rates) as functions of hydrological parameters and/or seasonality. The study of ammonium and nitrate has highlighted temporal variability in processes, with maximum nitrification and denitrification rates during autumn. Results show that ADModel is able to predict the main trend of measured concentration with reasonable accuracy and accounts for temporal changes in water flow and pollutant load along the river. Prediction accuracy could be improved through more detailed modelling of transformation processes by taking into account the variability of factors for which existing data were insufficient to allow representation. For example, modelling indicates that interactions with bed sediment may provide an additional source of nutrients during high spring flows. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.