论洪灾保险

洪灾保险是非工程防洪措施中的一项重要内容，对维护受灾地区经济的可持续发展和生活保障有着重要的意义，在我国这样一人洪涝灾害频繁、防洪能力偏低的国家，迫切需要依照我国国情，开展洪灾保险业务。洪灾保险应遵循风险大量原则、风险分散原则和保费合理原则，现一般采用危险区域法、期望损失法或洪灾损失法进行保险费用计算，危险区域法是一种比较科学、符合洪灾保险特点的计算方法，应用中可以针地其缺点，改用保险费率代替保险     

二滩水电站水轮机

简要介绍了二滩水电站水轮机的性能和结构特点，以及转速调节和控制。     

关于水土保持设施的图斑管理

水保设施的图斑管理是水保工程建设中的重要环节。就图斑管理的内容，意义，方法进行了必要的阐述，并提出图斑登记卡的初步形式和管理办法。     

黄河下游断流初步分析及缓解对策

进入９０年代以来，黄河下游河道连续发生断流，且有初始时间提前、时段延长、河段向上延伸的趋势。黄河断流给下游及沿黄地区带来不利影响，对黄河下游防洪和生态环境也造成威胁。要避免和缓解断流发生，必须大力开展节约用水，实现国务院批准的分水方案以法管水；在枯水年、枯水季节对水资源实行统一调度；积极兴建干流调蓄工程，提高黄河水资源利用的整体效益。     

黄河下游防洪减灾效益分析

由于黄河多泥沙的特性和特殊的自然条件,黄河下游河道在历史上决口频繁。人民治黄５０年来,黄河下游的防洪减灾措施确保了黄淮海太平原的安全,取得了巨大的社会经济效益。,采用“实际发生年法”对黄河下游防洪减灾效益进行了分析。结果表明,人民治黄以来,黄河下游防洪工程减免大堤决口、减少滩地淹没、减少凌汛决口及河道淤积所取得的直接经济效益分析另３４００．１、６５．８、１２０．０、４５．０亿元,由于黄河问题的复杂     

施工截流标准的合理确定——上游有已建成的水利枢纽

运用系统观点，综合考虑工程及其上游已建成的水利枢纽的共同作用，对施工截流标准的优选进行了研究，提出了多目标风险决策模型，并研究了决策准则和方法。最后给出了计算实例，验证了此法的可行性     

Water-table variation in a sloping aquifer due to random recharge

Variation in the level of the water table is closely linked with recharge. Therefore, any uncertainty associated with the recharge rate is bound to affect the nature of the water-table fluctuation. In this note, a ditch-drainage problem of a sloping aquifer is considered to investigate the effect of uncertainty in the recharge rate on water-table fluctuation. The rate of recharge is taken as an exponentially decaying function with its decay constant as a Gaussian random variable. Expressions for the first two moments of the water-table height, i.e. mean and standard deviation, are presented. By using these expressions, the effect of uncertainty in the recharge rate on the water-table fluctuation has been analyzed with the help of a numerical example.     

Optimization of recharge and pumping rates by means of an inverse 3D model

The paper concerns the optimization of pumping and artificial recharge rates under hydraulic head constraints. This optimization is accomplished by means of an inverse three-dimensional (3D) model which is a combination of a numerical model, sensitivity analyses and nonlinear regression. The optimization criterion used is the minimization of the sum of the squares between the calculated and the desired water table maps. These maps were established for the end of each month of the period from December to August so that the annual average flux is outward from the modeling area. This outward flux will push back the salt water intrusion. The assumed natural recharge rates of the different months equal the mean values of the period 1958–1977. The aquifer parameters describing the water conducting and storing properties are also required as input data as well as the initial hydraulic heads. The optimized parameters are the artificial recharge rates of the months December, January, February and March and the pumping rates of the months April, May, June, July and August. For the first-mentioned months, the pumping rates are considered as known. During the last-mentioned period, no artificial recharge is possible. A unique solution is obtained. To check the optimized rates, a water balance is made. With this balance, it is shown that the treated phreatic aquifer can be used as a subterranean reservoir to store water that is abundantly present in the winter until the summer when water demand is large. It is also proved that the salt-water intrusion can be stopped by the temporal storage of the artificial recharged water.     

高拱坝泄洪振动水弹性模型

以小湾工程为背景，通过水弹性模型实验，判断高拱坝泄洪所引起的振动和影响，采用自己研制的物理和力学性能优良的加重橡胶材料，在计算机的辅助下，建成了１：１５０比尺的水弹性实物模型，完善了对库水－地基－坝体－脉动荷载相互作用的模拟；采用先进的测试手段和分析软件包，对该模型的模态和多种工况泄水响应进行了全面的测试与分析，并采用计算机数值模拟与实验成果相结合的方法对坝身泄洪振动进行了结构动力分析及反分析和反