潮汐河口河床调整对水沙条件的响应探讨

以钱塘江资料为基础，分析了河口挟沙水流的复杂冲淤行为和河横断面形态对动力作用的复杂响应，表明河床高速存在临界的动力条件，继而探讨了潮汐河口的河相关系，为工程建设提供了参考。     

南水北调中线京石段应急供水工程黄土类土湿陷性工程地质特征及评价

以实际工程地质勘察成果及数据为依据,全面分析了南水北调中线京石段分布的黄土状土的工程地质特征,并作出了评价,评价结论为渠段内黄土大部分不具湿陷性,局部具较弱湿陷性,个别场地具中等湿陷性,对工程影响不大.     

The time frames of entrepreneurs

This study investigated past and future temporal depths (distances into the past and future) of entrepreneurs. The results provide the first statistics describing these depths in a sample of entrepreneurs. A significant positive correlation was found between past and future temporal depths, and relationships were examined between both temporal depths and polychronicity, preference for working fast, perceived temporal flexibility of work, emphasis on schedules and deadlines, emphasis on punctuality, and general life stress. Entrepreneurs' ages, lengths of future temporal depth, and perceived temporal flexibility were all found to be negatively related to life stress in a hierarchical regression analysis.     

气候变化对湟水径流量影响分析

根据近55年水文气象资料,统计分析了湟水径流量的变化特点及其影响因子,并依据降水、气温、蒸发等主要影响因子与径流量的关系,建立了天然径流量计算公式,计算分析了气候变化和人类活动对湟水径流量的影响。结果表明,随着暖干化趋势加剧,20世纪80年代以来气候变化对湟水径流量的影响幅度不断增大,在80年代、90年代,气候变化和人类活动对径流影响量的比例分别约为2：8与3：7,而2000-2004年影响量的比例已接近5：5。     

冰盖下桥墩局部冲刷新型防冲组合结构试验研究

河流冰盖的形成改变了桥墩周围的水力特性,导致桥墩局部冲刷加剧。基于动床冲刷,在冰盖及明流条件下进行了螺纹式减冲索与钩环式护圈组合的新型防冲结构室内模型试验,探究其对桥墩局部冲刷的防冲效果。试验结果表明：新型防冲组合结构改变了桥墩的局部冲刷模式,延缓了冲刷过程;通过极差分析与方差分析可知,螺纹直径为6.0 mm、螺纹角为15°、螺纹排数为3的新型防冲组合结构的防护效果最优;与无防护工况相比,在粗糙冰盖条件下新型防冲组合结构桥墩最大冲刷深度减小了59.03%;螺纹式减冲索增大了桥墩表面的粗糙度,可以更好地削弱下潜流和分离墩前迎面水流,从而达到有效防冲的目的。     

Local scour at offshore windfarm monopile foundations: A review

In this article, current research findings of local scour at offshore windfarm monopile foundations are presented. The scour mechanisms and scour depth prediction formulas under different hydrodynamic conditions are summarized, including the current-only condition, wave-only condition, combined wave-current condition, and complex dynamic condition. Furthermore, this article analyzes the influencing factors on the basis of classical equations for predicting the equilibrium scour depth under specific conditions. The weakness of existing researches and future prospects are also discussed. It is suggested that future research shall focus on physical experiments under unsteady tidal currents or other complex loadings. The computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method and artificial intelligence technique are suggested being adopted to study the scour at offshore windfarm foundations.     

立堵截流规律再探讨

本文从龙口下游水力条件出发，探讨下游水深、河床糙率以及抛料堆积体对立堵规律的影响。最后又介绍了龙口平均流速的理论计算方法。     

过流壁面不平整度控制标准的拟定

本文建议采用免空蚀空化数拟定不平整度控制标准的判据，提出了空化与控蚀分区控制和稳定蚀深的估算方法，并绘制高 同坡度三角形突体在不同流速情况下防止与减免工程免蚀的关系曲线，还给出５０ｍ／ｓ流速级时对突体高边坡加以处理的尺寸限制要求。     

地震中土体强度对抗滑桩变形和嵌固深度的影响

不同碎石土滑坡存在不同的强度差异。通过物理模型实验和数值模拟实验,分析了在地震荷载作用下不同土体强度抗滑桩支护滑坡的响应过程,得出:增大土体的强度,有利于发挥抗滑桩的抗滑作用,抗滑桩抗震效果较好,但是也存在一定程度的浪费;而减小土体强度,抗震效果并不好。利用ANSYS动力有限元程序,结合强度折减动力分析法,总结并建立了嵌固深度与土体强度设计值凝聚力、内摩擦角的相互作用计算模型和经验判别式。其设计方法和研究思路可为以后的相关研究提供借鉴和参考。     

RETRIEVING RIVER ATTRIBUTES FROM REMOTELY SENSED DATA: AN EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION BASED ON FIELD SPECTROSCOPY AT THE OUTDOOR STREAM LAB

This paper summarizes experiments conducted at the Outdoor Stream Lab to gain insight on the relationships between a channel's spectral characteristics and the river attributes of interest to scientists and managers. Improved understanding of these connections would advance the application of remote sensing to fluvial systems. Motivated by this objective, we examined the following: (i) interactions among local hydraulics, water surface roughness and surface reflectance; and (ii) the influence of periphyton development and streambed disturbance on bottom reflectance. These experiments could thus lead to novel methods for inferring flow velocity and substrate type, respectively, from passive optical image data. Our initial results indicate the following: (i) water surface reflectance can compromise spectrally based depth retrieval by reducing the range of useful wavelengths and weakening correlations between band ratios and depth, implying that removing the surface‐reflected component of the total radiance could facilitate bathymetric mapping; (ii) water surface roughness was influenced by local hydraulics and was positively correlated with water surface reflectance, suggesting that observations of surface reflectance could be used to infer flow velocities; (iii) substrate spectral characteristics were influenced by the degree of periphyton development, implying that algal biomass might be estimated from remotely sensed data; and (iv) similarly, bottom reflectance differed significantly for intact versus disturbed substrates, suggesting that areas of streambed disturbance might be identified via remote sensing. Future work will focus on further elucidating connections between surface reflectance, water surface texture and flow velocity, and developing quantitative relationships between bottom reflectance, periphyton abundance and the degree of streambed disturbance. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.