基于园林景观改造的生态化农业示范园构建实践及规划——以司马矿区为研究对象

[目的]探讨司马矿区园林景观改造对生态化农业示范园的影响,从整体的景观格局规划到具体的生态适应设计,寻找煤矿塌陷区的治理、生态系统结构的恢复途径。[方法]以山西司马矿的采煤塌陷及废弃地生态复垦工程为例,运用生态学、景观学等理论探讨煤矿塌陷区农业示范园构建原则,根据矿区的实际情况进行生态化构建定位;应用生态网络、生态景观、生态经济、生态文化等方面的园林景观设计技术,从整体的景观格局规划到具体的生态适应设计思维,对矿区进行生态化的园林景观规划。[结果]司马矿区第一期土地复垦工程、水上公园挖淤泥及公墓区工程,第二期水上公园配套设施、公墓区配套设施、道路工程应用了生态农业示范园的设计与建设新思路并取得一定成效,待建的第三期园林绿化工程、给排水工程、开发文化资源项目及各种娱乐项目须进一步坚持生态再造的原则。[结论]塌陷区景观设计中的生态再造必须考虑人类生活、社会发展的需要,应朝着旅游业、农业等方向发展。     

福建省湿地生态补偿法律机制及效用研究

[目的]结合福建省湿地概况及其保护现状进行湿地生态补偿法律机制的构建,试图为构建完整的福建省生态补偿法律机制提供参照。[方法]采用归纳总结法,通过对国内外相关研究成果进行借鉴、归纳总结,从法律机制建立原则、法律机制构建内容和湿地生态补偿法律保障措施等3个方面构建福建省湿地生态补偿法律机制及分析其效用。[结果]发现当前福建省湿地生态补偿法律机制存在的问题主要有:(1)立法理念不准确;(2)缺乏有力的法律支撑;(3)湿地生态补偿法律保护不完整。[结论]福建省在湿地生态补偿法律机制构建方面尚处于薄弱阶段,无法达到为福建省的湿地保护以及进行湿地生态补偿提供法律保障的程度。并对此提出3点建议:(1)完善法律法规体系,加大执法力度;(2)明晰权责;(3)明确补偿方式。     

外来植物入侵遥感监测预警研究进展

文章紧密围绕近年来国内外关于外来植物入侵遥感监测、预警新技术、新方法,总结了当前监测预警技术方法的问题和不足,阐明了未来针对外来入侵植物的遥感监测、预警技术发展趋势和方向。目前在监测方法上,主要有图像识别法、高光谱监测法、雷达数据辅助识别法和中低分辨率时序序列数据分析法等。其中,图像识别法和高光谱监测法应用较多,但其数据来源获取困难,后期数据处理工作量大,缺少普适性强的自动解译算法;雷达数据辅助识别法由于雷达数据自身空间分辨率粗糙,在植被监测中往往配合其他数据源同时使用,因此应用上有一定的局限性;中低分辨率时序序列数据分析法适用于较大空间尺度上的植被外来物种入侵监测,监测结果空间定位能力差,很难在小尺度区域上进行应用。在预警方法上,主要有生态机理模型预测和数学模型机理预测两种方法,基于GIS和遥感技术的生态学模型预测机理性强、易推广,预警精度较好,具备一定的空间定位能力,适宜于在宏观区域尺度上应用,但存在部分关键植被生理遥感参数获取困难等问题。数学统计模型预测以理论统计为主,只是对外来植物入侵发生的概率进行了估测,对物种或区域环境依赖程度高,普适性较差,遥感参数较少参与模拟过程,空间定位能力不足。总体上,利用遥感技术快速、准确地进行外来入侵植物定位监测和预警已成为防控外来植物入侵,维护区域生态安全的必然趋势。在数据源集成上,传统可见光遥感和新型激光雷达遥感、高光谱遥感、多角度遥感等多源数据集成、融合应用更为多见,数据获取范围进一步拓宽。特别是诸多新型国产高分卫星发射升空后,使得监测时效性和成本进一步改善,实用化、规模化、业务化动态监测成为可能。在技术方法上,受信息技术、自动化技术和传感器制造技术的影响,数据获取范围不断拓宽,空间定位能力不断增强,监测、预警也将不再局限于单一技术和模型的应用,而是多模型、多平台(星-机-地)综合监测、预警模式成为趋势,外来植物入侵的遥感监测技术正逐步发展成为植被生态遥感学科领域的重要分支学科。     

保定市湿地及其保护

湿地被人们冠以“地球肾脏”“生命摇篮”“鸟类乐园”“物种基因库”“文化摇篮”等美誉。保定市与京、津毗邻，地理位置特殊，其湿地的存在与保护具有重要意义。分析保定市湿地现状，研究了保定市湿地的功能、效益和导致湿地退化的原因，提出保护湿地的几点对策、措施。     

海兴湿地旅游定位与发展路径探讨

以海兴湿地为研究对象,在全面分析湿地资源的基础上,确定其旅游定位,提出了其旅游发展路径。     

Seed banks and seed survival of submersion for an emerging plant invader in the Colorado River system,USA

Soil seed banks along shorelines and the ability of seeds to survive submersion in water are among potential factors that can influence seed supply, a frequent driver of riparian plant invasions. We investigated germinable soil seed banks and the ability of seeds to germinate after different durations of submersion in water for non-native ravennagrass (Saccharum ravennae), an emerging but poorly understood invader of riparian habitats in the American Southwest, including along the Lake Powell section of the Colorado River where we performed the study. We assessed soil seed bank composition in 27 ravennagrass-invaded plots using the emergence technique and evaluated effects on ravennagrass germination of submersion in river water for up to 15 months in a laboratory experiment. Ravennagrass was sparse in soil seed banks, detected in samples from only one of the 27 plots. Instead, soil seed banks were dominated by the non-native annual cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) and a mixture of native early colonizers (e.g., Pseudognaphalium stramineum) and shrubs (e.g., Baccharis emoryi). Although ravennagrass seed germination was low (<9%) in the submersion experiment, some seeds retained germinability after 15 months of continuous submersion in water. Results suggest that while ravennagrass may have limited on-site, readily germinable soil seed banks, potential implications of its protracted seed viability in water for dispersal along waterways warrants further attention.     

从混凝土护岸江堤带到充满活力的滨水 公共空间——四川遂宁南滨江公园规划设计

基于城市河流从传统交通运输功能到生态与休闲功 能的转变，分析城市滨水公共空间在城市生态系统与城市公共 空间2个层面的价值与面临的挑战。针对遂宁城市更新背景下 滨水公共空间的新需求，对遂宁南滨江公园提出“一个慢行系 统、两个景观界面、多通廊多入口”的规划设计策略。在城市 段进行大坝改造，丰富慢行系统，塑造台地花园；在湿地段进 行低成本的修复，构建植物修复系统和湿地空间体验，以此重 新联结被混凝土坝堤与城市道路割裂的城市公共空间，营造充 满活力的滨水公共空间。     

Colonisation of terrestrial vegetation in an intermittent river: Diversity responses to seasonal drying

Intermittent rivers are dynamic ecosystems that experience a predictable or unpredictable loss of surface water and are characterised by changing lotic, lentic (ponding) and dry habitats. Plant communities colonising dry channels during the desiccation stage can be diverse, abundant and differ in their tolerances to water availability and habitat conditions. This study examines the colonisation of terrestrial vegetation in two intermittent rivers in the United Kingdom, and whether terrestrial plant taxonomic richness and functional diversity increase during the dry phase. Six reaches were surveyed for terrestrial plants during the dry phase over a standard 100 m length every month from April to October 2021. We found the channel and bank taxonomic richness increased with drying duration. Functional traits of vegetation height, clonality, clonality richness and Ellenberg's value of light moisture also increased with stream desiccation. Bed sediment conditions (the proportion of sand and gravel) and the 12-month antecedent percentage of zero flow days were the key drivers of plant community composition. We believe plant propagules from the riparian zone and channel vegetation on topographic high points in the channel aided plant colonisation of the riverbed once flow ceased. Past research may have underestimated the biodiversity value of intermittent rivers by failing to include the ecological importance of plants during the dry phase. Information on plant diversity of the dry phase is important to determine the overall biodiversity of intermittent rivers for their long-term conservation and management.