南水北调东线工程沿线城市尾水处理方案比选

以洪泽县为例,综合运用水文学和生态学等理论和方法,研究南水北调东线工程沿线城市尾水处理方案的选择,最终确定蓄水塘-廊道-兼性塘-表面流湿地组合的尾水处理方案,并建议将处理工艺与景观建设相结合,建成集生态、景观、休闲、科教等功能于一体的综合性示范工程。     

干旱地区施工弃渣生态修复工程探究

在西部干旱地区工程项目建设过程中,大规模的开挖、修路等施工会产生大量的弃渣,不仅加剧水土流失,而且造成一系列的生态问题。通过对弃渣状况进行研究,阐述生态修复的工程措施,为干旱地区工程建设项目的弃渣治理提供一定的借鉴意义。     

生态袋辅助覆盖型岸坡结构在寒区河流生态修复中的应用

本文主要将生态型岸坡结构技术与植物种植技术相结合,针对河道贫瘠岸坡等自然生态脆弱衰退区,选择适应于寒区的生态型材料及岸坡结构型式,采用或坡型或垂直型岸坡结构进行岸坡加固,使其既可以满足工程安全要求,又可以使生态系统实现自身修复。该岸坡结构适应范围较广,基本不受地形、坡高、有无水体的限制,既可以解决中小河流的生态修复问题,又可以用于高陡、贫瘠、崩塌山体、库岸等岸坡的生态修复。为寒区生态护岸工程提供了一种新的思路,并且在实践中已取得了良好效果,具有较好的应用前景和推广价值。     

DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF STREAM FISHES IN RELATION TO BARRIERS: IMPLICATIONS FOR MONITORING STREAM RECOVERY AFTER BARRIER REMOVAL

Dams are ubiquitous in coastal regions and have altered stream habitats and the distribution and abundance of stream fishes in those habitats by disrupting hydrology, temperature regime and habitat connectivity. Dam removal is a common restoration tool, but often the response of the fish assemblage is not monitored rigorously. Sedgeunkedunk Stream, a small tributary to the Penobscot River (Maine, USA), has been the focus of a restoration effort that includes the removal of two low‐head dams. In this study, we quantified fish assemblage metrics along a longitudinal gradient in Sedgeunkedunk Stream and also in a nearby reference stream. By establishing pre‐removal baseline conditions and associated variability and the conditions and variability immediately following removal, we can characterize future changes in the system associated with dam removal. Over 2 years prior to dam removal, species richness and abundance in Sedgeunkedunk Stream were highest downstream of the lowest dam, lowest immediately upstream of that dam and intermediate farther upstream; patterns were similar in the reference stream. Although seasonal and annual variation in metrics within each site was substantial, the overall upstream‐to‐downstream pattern along the stream gradient was remarkably consistent prior to dam removal. Immediately after dam removal, we saw significant decreases in richness and abundance downstream of the former dam site and a corresponding increase in fish abundance upstream of the former dam site. No such changes occurred in reference sites. Our results show that by quantifying baseline conditions in a small stream before restoration, the effects of stream restoration efforts on fish assemblages can be monitored successfully. These data set the stage for the long‐term assessment of Sedgeunkedunk Stream and provide a simple methodology for assessment in other restoration projects. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Measuring the economic benefits of the Youngsan River Restoration Project in Kwangju,Korea, using contingent valuation

This study examines the economic benefits of a river restoration project in the Youngsan River, Kwangju, Korea, using a contingent valuation method. It employs a spike model to address the high proportion of zero responses. The results indicate that a household's annual mean willingness to pay is KRW3410 in Kwangju and KRW1744 in other regions. The resulting benefit-cost ratio is 2.29, indicating that the project would be socially profitable, and that households appear willing to support it financially.     

河流生态状况分级系统及其应用

构建河流生态状况分级系统可为实现河流生态修复目标定量化提供技术方法。本文从自然河流生态状况的河流参照系统选择与构建出发,依据与参照系统的偏离程度,提出了河流生态状况分级系统的生态指标矩阵方法和指标赋值准则。生态指标矩阵由要素层和指标层构成,包括生物质量、水文、物理化学和河流地貌4个要素,下设10项生态指标。从河流生态系统演替的动态特征出发,阐述了河流生态状况分级系统的科学内涵,讨论了河流生态状况分级系统在确定生态修复目标、识别关键胁迫因子以及进行河流健康评估方面的应用。     

北京市转河生态修复评价

城市河流健康状况直接影响到人们的生活质量,因此其修复问题也越来越受到关注。研究通过对修复后的转河进行实地调查,共选择10个调查样点,以气味、流速比、水深比、河岸的坡度、坡长、河宽、河岸材质、河床材质、植物种类和盖度、底栖生物的多样性指数、防洪功能、公众满意程度、可亲水度为评价指标,并结合权重分析法和专家打分法确定各指标的权重,对转河的修复效果作出评价。经分析得出转河的综合评价得分为2.75,属中上等水平。其中,上游河段评分较高,修复措施完善,河流生态功能和社会功能基本恢复;下游河段评分较低,主要是受地形影响,河流两岸仍是竖直硬质护岸,阻隔河水交换,进而影响河流水质和生物多样性的恢复。     

白洋淀气候变化及对生态系统的影响

根据1955年-2010年白洋淀地区气象数据及生态资料,研究了气候变化对白洋淀湿地生态系统的影响,以期为白洋淀湿地保护和可持续发展提供依据。结果表明:近56年来,白洋淀地区的气温总体呈现上升趋势,且在2007年达到最高值,而降水量、平均风速和日照时数均呈现下降趋势,其中1996年以后的降水量均低于56年的平均降水量。白洋淀地区降水量和年最高水位呈明显的正相关关系,平均气温和水域面积的变化趋势则相反。水位、水域面积的变化以及人类活动等因素影响了白洋淀水质和生物多样性以及不同土地利用类型的分配比例。     

冶河威州泉域生态旅游开发研究

在野外调查和资料整理的基础上,开展了冶河威州泉出露区的地形测绘、地球物理勘探及水质测试,对冶河威州泉域生态环境现状进行了评价,并利用SWOT模型对其生态旅游开发进行了分析,根据功能分区理论提出了今后旅游开发建议。分析认为,冶河威州泉作为典型的泉水-河流型湿地景观,泉水资源优势明显,具有良好的生态环境优势与旅游开发潜力,但同时也存在开发落后、基础设施相对薄弱的劣势。开发初期宜采取"增长型发展"为主导的发展战略,建立具有较高产业价值的湿地景观,利用市场的推动来更好地保护湿地的生态环境。     

河口海岸生态环境研究现状 及发展趋势

在广泛查阅国内外关于河口海岸生态问题研究相关文献基础上,综述了河口海岸侵蚀治理研究、河口地区水质研究和河口湿地的恢复与重建等三个热点方向的研究现状。进而,根据研究现状和我国河口海岸研究的实际需求,对海岸侵蚀,河口水质恢复和湿地保护等有关河口生态环境的研究方向进行了展望。