The Need for a Field of Study of Implementation of Innovations

The study of innovation has been approached from many disciplines and from the point of view of different real life problems. As a result, we have a series of clusters of knowledge that are related but seldom integrated. Chris Voss suggests it is time we closed at least one of these gaps. He suggests there should be a field of study should be established that will build a bridge between work on the process of innovation and work on the diffusion of innovation. He presents a starting point for the new field of study.     

Determinants of Success in the Development of Applications Software

In this article, the third in the trio of software innovation articles, Chris Voss outlines the key factors that determine whether a new software development is likely to be successful. His research draws on an innovation framework that has emerged from previous research. His results are similar to those of the earlier studies and suggest that the software innovation process has many demands that are common to innovation in other product areas.     

Sales recruiting—A major area of underinvestment

How does a firm decide whether the amount now being spent to generate sales force applicants is too much, not enough, or about right? This question can be answered by using information routinely generated by corporate activities and a relatively straight forward decision theory technique. To illustrate that technique, an analysis was conducted for a hypothetical but by no means atypical firm. The results suggest that many corporations could appreciably increase their overall profitability by spending more on sales force recruitment and selection.     

Recycling consumer solid waste: A commentary on selected channel alternatives

The recycling of consumer solid waste presents special problems for reverse marketing channels. Specifically, the accumulation of bulk quantities of homogenous materials from consumer-generated sources that are highly heterogenous in nature represents a major functional problem that must be overcome through the development of appropriate reverse marketing channels. In this article, factors influencing reverse channels development are outlined, and specific marketing implications concerning the three basic channel types that primarily handle consumer solid waste are discussed.     

历史冲击下的工业集聚:来自156项工程的经验证据

历史冲击是催生产业集聚的重要因素之一,规模报酬递增和正反馈效应使得在历史冲击下形成的产业集聚得以自我强化,进而实现持续领先。本文考察了“一五”计划时期实施建设的156项工程对中国工业集聚的长期影响,结果发现:第一,通过持续提升所在城市的工业集聚水平,156项工程能够长期塑造中国工业集聚的空间格局;第二,156项工程作为一种历史遗产在远离港口的内陆地区被更好地继承下来,对于内陆地区所在城市工业集聚水平的提升效应更强,这表明156项工程不仅在中华人民共和国成立初期平衡了沿海与内地的发展差距,对于新时代区域协调发展依然具有重要意义。实证结论在进行一系列稳健性检验后依然成立。研究156项工程对于工业集聚的长期影响和空间差异,有助于我们更加深刻地理解中国特色社会主义政治经济学。     

从资产负债率看上市公司理财状况

资产负债率指标被所有者、经营者、政府、债权人等多方所嘱目。上市公司资产负债率情况如何,与企业盈亏之间有无必然联系,有无人为操纵行为。上市公司驾驭负债的水平如何,会不会严重影响上市公司、银行乃至国家的发展前途。本文试图对以上问题作出分析,以期对读者进行财务分析和经济分析有所帮助。     

The distinction between commercial and non-commercial bus services in Germany: Given by nature?

German public transport services by bus are characterized by a regulatory framework that distinguishes between commercial and non-commercial services. Contrary to the apparent views of legislators, this paper shows that costs and revenues are not the only parameters determining whether or not operators are able to provide services in a commercially viable way.Apart from the local characteristics of the specific service, we show that the classification of services as commercial versus non-commercial is determined in large part by the public transport authorities that set minimum quality standards to be provided by operators. Our analysis shows that the authorities awarding the contracts in some cases affect market organization significantly depending on how they make use of this power. Furthermore, market organization differs substantially with respect to the awarding structure and the contractual relationships, thus creating a challenge for operators and authorities in an embryonic market.     

单片机在语音存储与回放中的应用

本系统以单片机 ８９Ｃ５１为核心,选用闪速存储器（Ｆｌａｓｈ Ｍｅｍｏｒｙ）ＡＴ２９Ｃ０４０作为语音的数字化信号的存储器件。阐述了一种实用可靠的设计方案。     

基于广义资源观的企业并购整合的价值创造

并购是重新配置资源有效机制,而并购后的整合是提高社会资源配置的有效手段。并购后整合是否能实现价值的创造是决定企业是否进行并购的重要决定因素。基于广义资源观,探讨了并购后整合的价值创造机理,认为在企业并购中资源、能力和知识的转移是可以实现的,但因要素特性不同和转移过程中遇到的影响因素不同使得其转移的过程和难度有所不同。在企业并购中,经过长期学习积累起来的、以知识为主要形态的无形资源、隐性知识和核心能力的转移难度就很大。无形资源、隐性知识和核心能力的转移难度与这些要素的特征有直接关系。     

The emotions of top managers and key persons in cross-border M&As: Evidence from a longitudinal case study

Building on prior research on emotions in M&A, this paper analyses the post-M&A emotions of top managers and key persons from the acquired company by examining what triggers emotions during the post-acquisition integration stage, and what the consequences of those emotions are. This study applies cognitive appraisal and affective event theories with empirical evidence based on a longitudinal, single case study of an Indian–Finnish acquisition. The main findings imply that M&As are very emotional for top managers and key persons. Our findings reveal that they experience a wide range of positive and negative emotions triggered by individual and company-level triggers. Interestingly various triggers can have different and opposite appraisal outcomes in the short and long-term. In addition, top managers and key persons are often restricted in the range of behavioural outcomes caused by emotions.