社会收入信息系统与基尼系数测算结果的可信度研究

基尼系数作为衡量居民收入分配不均等程度的有效指标,其结果可信与否受到测算方法以及样本数据两个因素的影响。本文从居民收入样本数据角度出发,通过分析我国基尼系数测算结果与实际情况存在差异的现实及原因,认为提高基尼系数测算结果可信度的当务之急是构建一个能够真实全面反映居民各项收入情况的社会收入信息系统。     

由个人所得税改革透视国民的纳税意识

随着我国经济的快速发展及普通工薪阶层收入的持续增加，个人所得税在缩减收入差距、调节贫富悬殊、促进社会公平与稳定方面的功能严重弱化，对其进行适度改革显然势在必行。但通过2005年度的个人所得税立法改革，折射出一个严重的现实问题，那就是我国绝大部分国民的纳税意识还比较淡薄。     

中国地区间经济发展不平衡——水平测度和成因探究

在测度中国省区间经济发展不平衡程度的基础上,揭示了不平衡的影响因素:1989年至2008年间,中国省区间经济发展不平衡的状况不断加剧,加权变异系数、基尼系数和泰尔指数(II)增长了30%左右,泰尔指数(I)的增幅更是高达67%;人均GDP、国内资本存量、贸易开放度和第三产业增加值等因素显著加剧了地区间不平衡,教育水平的提高则显著抑制了地区间不平衡的扩大;失业率和城市化水平也对地区间不平衡产生了一定的影响,而外商直接投资对不平衡的影响作用是不确定的。     

Twenty Years of Expenditure Inequality in Indonesia, 1993–2013

In this article, we consider the recent increase in inequality in Indonesia. We make new, consistent estimates of expenditure inequality for 1993–2013, using several measures that draw on household expenditure data from the National Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas) for 1993–2013. In doing so, we note that the central statistics agency, Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), used grouped data for its estimates of inequality until 2009 and that this underestimated inequality up to then. Thus the rise in inequality reported since 2009 actually has a longer history. We argue that Indonesia experienced divergence and convergence at the same time: the magnitude of the rise in inequality was significant (divergence), but the rise was greatest in provinces or districts with low initial levels of inequality (convergence). We consider the literature on drivers of changes in inequality and identify a set of hypotheses, with an empirical basis, which we introduce as potential Indonesian-specific drivers of rising inequality for future exploration.     

物业税改革对地区间税收分配差距的影响

本文通过对地区间税收分配差距指标的分析,认为开征物业税很可能会扩大我国地区间税收分配差距。在当前物业税改革过程中,需要充分重视该问题的研究。建议将土地出让金制度和财政转移支付制度改革,作为物业税改革总体规划的重要配套措施,统筹设计相关制度,以有效防止地区间税收分配差距的不合理扩大,促进地区间经济协调、平衡发展。     

电子商务促进了农民农村共同富裕吗？——基于收入增长与差距缩小的双重视角

电子商务促进了农民与市场的有效连接,带动了农民就业创业增长,并弱化了低收入农民的信息劣势,可以同时提高农民收入水平和缩小农民收入差距,赋能农民农村共同富裕。利用我国1 996个区县2014—2020年的面板数据以及CHIP 2018的农户数据,基于人均可支配收入和基尼系数综合评价农民农村共同富裕程度,以淘宝村数量衡量农村电商发展水平,运用双向固定效应模型和RIF回归分析发现：淘宝村数量增加提高了农民的人均可支配收入,并降低了农民的基尼系数,显著促进了农民农村共同富裕;电子商务主要通过促进农民创业和经营性收入增长的路径来增加农民收入,而对农民就业及其工资性收入的影响不显著;农村电商发展对农民收入增长的促进作用在收入水平较低区县、国家级贫困县、离中心城市较远区县、中西部区县更强。因此,应当加快欠发达地区及偏远地区的农村电商发展,加强对低收入农民的扶持和帮助,提高电子商务的益贫性和普惠性,有效促进农民农村共同富裕。     

中国盒融产业集聚水平测度

本文利用区位基尼系数、区位熵指数、CR5指数埘中国金融产业2001-2010年的集聚水平进行了测度。结果表明,金融业具有较为明显的集聚特征,且总体集聚程度不断增强,金融资源主要集中在于东部地区,其中北京、上海的金融集聚程度最高,而中两部地区金融集聚程度较低,在今后的发展过程中应注重金融中心的辐射效应,     

The Inequality of Regional Economic Development in China between 1991 and 2001

This paper measures the unequal development of the regional economies in China and investigates the primary factors leading to the inequality. The official data on China's regional GDP and the regional GDP of three industrial sectors from 1991–2001, as reported in the China Statistical Yearbook and A Statistical Survey of China, are adopted to calculate and decompose the Gini coefficient for each year. The primary finding is that the levels of inequality in China's regional economies clearly showed a slight upward trend after 1991. The inequality of the overall GDP is primarily attributed to the between-group effect rather than to the within-group effect. It is also found that the regional inequality of the secondary industry sector's development accounted for half of the overall inequality. Thus, this study suggests that it is crucial for China to formulate and adhere to policies that will help it to develop the economy more equally among all areas and to develop the secondary industry sector among all regions/provinces in order to overcome the important issue of the inequality in regional economic development.     

新一轮集体林权改革评价:林地分配平等性视角——基于福建调查的实证研究

总体来看,新一轮集体林权改革使林地分配状况变差,但是对于初始林地面积较低的林户而言,林地的分配状况是改善的。总体状况变差主要是由于初始林地面积较高的林户得到了更多的林地。另外,林地面积的变化与林户改革前所拥有的林地面积之间是"U"型关系。这主要是由改革的自上而下和制度变迁的路径依赖共同造成的。