Institutional design and the closure of public facilities in transition economies

As part of the reforms of their systems for financing and delivering health care, many transition economies, particularly in central and eastern Europe, have adopted national insurance funds that are institutionally separate from ministries of health. Most of these countries have also grappled with the problem of restructuring the delivery system, especially the need to reduce hospital capacity. Although improving the performance of medical care providers through a shift from passive budgeting to explicitly incentive mechanisms is important, why this change in financial relations between the government and providers could not be implemented simply by reforming the role of health ministries is not obvious. This paper presents an explicit rationale for the separation of powers between the regulator (the ministry of health) and the financing body (the insurance fund), based on the inability of a single agency to commit to closing hospitals. JEL classification: L51, P20, P35, I18.     

Optimising a Probabilistic Model of the Development of Play in Soccer

We present a probabilistic model based on the one developed by Hernández Mendo and Anguera (Revista de Psicologíca Social, 16(1), 71–93, 2001). Here we have tried to break down the interaction contexts that the opposing teams are able to generate and transform during the game. We are aware that a given player or team does not produce consistent behaviour in similar situations. However, a degree of uncertainty is assumed to exist regarding whether the results obtained are a specific function of the analysis used. In order to carry out this research a category system which optimized that used in the previous model was developed. This system should enable the interaction between teams to be observed within the actual play of a soccer game. A lag sequential analysis was performed on the basis of a coding of the behavioural flow. After describing the behavioural patterns obtained a probabilistic model of the development of play in soccer is proposed.     

论＂无为而无不为＂命题的伦理依寓

＂无为而无不为＂命题只有依寓在道德王国里才能获得现实可能性。该命题的行为主体所指——圣人内涵着对崇高品性追求的伦理预设,其前提条件＂无不为＂和＂无为＂必然关涉到圣人＂为天下式＂和＂功遂身退＂的道德内蕴,＂圣人之道为而不争＂决定了该命题的语境性质全在伦理一维。     

“室内设计原理”课程的教学改革探讨

＂室内设计原理＂课程是室内设计方向的主干课程之一,在专业课程教学中占有重要的地位。针对＂室内设计原理＂课程的教学现状及存在的问题,提出从教学方法、教学手段及考核评价机制入手对＂室内设计原理＂课程教学改革进行探讨,以期成为室内设计方向其他专业课程教学改革的重要切入点。     

园林景观规划设计与地域文化

地域文化的缺失导致园林景观规划设计及其实施效果呈现雷同的趋势,通过提出规划设计中地域文化的范畴和意义,强调了体现地域文化在规划设计中的重要性。借助三个实际的规划设计案例从宏观角度提出规划概念应与地域自然特点、人文特点等要素有机结合,从而从微观角度提出设计可采用保留、抽取、融合、再现等手法来体现地域文化。此外,在规划设计中运用地域文化应该注意契合性、创新性、烂漫性及可实施性等的几个方面的问题。     

窨井盖设计:创意与功能的定位考察--从城市规划的文化品位视角

本文介绍了欧美国家及日本的城市窨井盖创意思路,剖析了我国城市规划中窨井盖设计的问题及现状,提出了在保证窨井盖实现其市政设施功能的同时,赋予其更多的功能,如：指示路标功能、广告宣传功能、传承地方文化功能等。本文意在强调要以新颖的设计创意与多元功能定位的思路,给予窨井盖以持久鲜活的生命与活力,增添文化元素,提高窨井盖功能,这有助于提升市政规划的文化品位。     

创造功能与形体完美结合的开放式就餐空间--西北农林科技大学学生食堂设计评述

以2002年竣工的西北农林科技大学学生食堂的设计为例，对高校学生食堂的设计进行了探讨，西北农林科技大学学生食堂的建筑设计平面布局与传统学生食堂布局不同，设计采用中心核的环绕式布局布置，中心核为物流中心，中间环为制作和销售区，外环为学生就餐空间，库房和粗加工布置在地下室，通过两年的使用效果来看，无论从外观还是内部功能布局，都达到了功能与形体完美结合的预期效果。     

室内设计的东西方文化体现与其人性化思考

随着室内使用功能的日趋复杂以及人们生活观念的不断改变,室内设计成为人们生活中不可缺少的一部分。室内设计师需要理解东西方文化的精髓及其内涵,将东西方文化及设计理念,并取其精华,融入到现代室内空间的设计中,打造出真正国际、现代化的室内空间。     

深基坑双排桩支护结构优化设计

建立了多设计准则,多约束条件的面向桩－土相互作用的双排桩支护结构优化设计模型,给出了模型与结构分析软件及优化算法软件相结合的优化设计方法。完成了高层建筑深基坑双排桩支护实例的优化设计,并分析了桩身刚度、桩的直径和前后排桩距对优化结果的影响,算例结果表明,本文提出的优化模型应用于双排桩支护结构设计将带来显著的经济效益。