Institutional design and the closure of public facilities in transition economies

As part of the reforms of their systems for financing and delivering health care, many transition economies, particularly in central and eastern Europe, have adopted national insurance funds that are institutionally separate from ministries of health. Most of these countries have also grappled with the problem of restructuring the delivery system, especially the need to reduce hospital capacity. Although improving the performance of medical care providers through a shift from passive budgeting to explicitly incentive mechanisms is important, why this change in financial relations between the government and providers could not be implemented simply by reforming the role of health ministries is not obvious. This paper presents an explicit rationale for the separation of powers between the regulator (the ministry of health) and the financing body (the insurance fund), based on the inability of a single agency to commit to closing hospitals. JEL classification: L51, P20, P35, I18.     

高职高专院校学生职业意识的培养

在大学生就业难的背景下,初步分析了学生职业意识的内涵和意义,探讨学生应具备的职业意识的主要内在构成要素,提出培养学生职业意识的途径和方法。     

Optimising a Probabilistic Model of the Development of Play in Soccer

We present a probabilistic model based on the one developed by Hernández Mendo and Anguera (Revista de Psicologíca Social, 16(1), 71–93, 2001). Here we have tried to break down the interaction contexts that the opposing teams are able to generate and transform during the game. We are aware that a given player or team does not produce consistent behaviour in similar situations. However, a degree of uncertainty is assumed to exist regarding whether the results obtained are a specific function of the analysis used. In order to carry out this research a category system which optimized that used in the previous model was developed. This system should enable the interaction between teams to be observed within the actual play of a soccer game. A lag sequential analysis was performed on the basis of a coding of the behavioural flow. After describing the behavioural patterns obtained a probabilistic model of the development of play in soccer is proposed.     

Long memory in the volatility of China stock returns

In this paper, we empirically examine the volatility process of China's stock market returns using daily and weekly Shanghai and Shenzhen stock indices during January 1990 to August 2008. To investigate the property of the process, we used the FIGARCH (fractionally integrated GARCH) model including GARCH and IGARCH processes as special cases. Since the FIGARCH model allows fractional integration order, it can detect hyperbolically decaying volatility processes which cannot be explained by previous models with integer integration order. Our results show that the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock indices exhibit long-term dependencies. The long memory properties of the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets do not seem to be spuriously induced without exception.     

抓好速度耐力,突出强度,提高密度——高校中长跑训练方式之谈

高校进行中长跑训练是高校办高水平运动队的产物,运动员以在校大学生为主,运动员一边学习一边训练,属于＂边学边训性＂,运动训练具有较强的业余性。这一特点决定了高校运动队不能采用专业队的训练方法和标准,而应立足于自身的现实条件,去寻找适合自己的训练方法。高校中长跑项目的教学、训练应结合高校体育教育的特点,抓好速度耐力,突出专项,突出强度,提高密度,对运动员运动成绩的提高效果比较理想。     

论＂无为而无不为＂命题的伦理依寓

＂无为而无不为＂命题只有依寓在道德王国里才能获得现实可能性。该命题的行为主体所指——圣人内涵着对崇高品性追求的伦理预设,其前提条件＂无不为＂和＂无为＂必然关涉到圣人＂为天下式＂和＂功遂身退＂的道德内蕴,＂圣人之道为而不争＂决定了该命题的语境性质全在伦理一维。     

“室内设计原理”课程的教学改革探讨

＂室内设计原理＂课程是室内设计方向的主干课程之一,在专业课程教学中占有重要的地位。针对＂室内设计原理＂课程的教学现状及存在的问题,提出从教学方法、教学手段及考核评价机制入手对＂室内设计原理＂课程教学改革进行探讨,以期成为室内设计方向其他专业课程教学改革的重要切入点。     

园林景观规划设计与地域文化

地域文化的缺失导致园林景观规划设计及其实施效果呈现雷同的趋势,通过提出规划设计中地域文化的范畴和意义,强调了体现地域文化在规划设计中的重要性。借助三个实际的规划设计案例从宏观角度提出规划概念应与地域自然特点、人文特点等要素有机结合,从而从微观角度提出设计可采用保留、抽取、融合、再现等手法来体现地域文化。此外,在规划设计中运用地域文化应该注意契合性、创新性、烂漫性及可实施性等的几个方面的问题。     

大学生“四段式”科技创新能力培养模式探索与思考——以湖南农业大学东方科技学院生物类专业为例

大学生科技创新能力的培养是高校培养创新型人才的重要手段,也是提升高等学校创新能力的必然要求。通过对我国大学生科技创新现状的分析,以湖南农业大学东方科技学院生物类专业为例,提出从启蒙阶段、认知阶段、实践阶段和提升阶段四个阶段构建大学生“四段式”科技创新能力培养模式,并就大学生科技创新能力培养模式进行了思考。     

长株潭两型社会建设中失地农民培训问题探析

随着长株潭两型社会建设的不断推进,这三个地区大量的农村集体土地被征用,大量农民加入到失地农民的队伍中。通过培训帮助失地农民掌握一门技能,提高他们的生存及就业、创业能力,是社会和谐发展的需要,是两型社会建设的客观要求,也是其自身可持续发展的需要。目前,对失地农民的培训工作还处于探索阶段,有必要加强和改进。长株潭两型社会建设中失地农民的培训工作,应立足于长株潭两型社会这一背景,增强失地农民就业和创业的竞争力。