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1.
The paper seeks to evaluate the evidence on the employment effectsof the collective working-time reductions in Europe over thepast 20 years. While theoretical analyses produce contradictoryassessments, most empirical studies show positive employmenteffects but take insufficient account of these conditions underwhich the reductions in working time were implemented. Theseconditions for the success of collective working-time reductionsinclude an active training policy designed to minimise skillshortages in the labour market, the modernisation of work organisation,wage increases in conjunction with productivity gains and amore equal income distribution. 相似文献
2.
In the past decade, there has been a multiplicity of lawsuits by employees against former employers based on defamatory references. Many of these lawsuits have proven to be successful and have caused wary employers to use great care in providing references. A number have gone so far as to refuse to provide references at all, instead adopting a “no-comment” policy, often on the advice of legal counsel. This article reviews defamation laws within the context of employee references. Recent cases and trends are analyzed, guidelines to avoid liability are suggested, and a critique of the traditional legal advice of “no-comment” is provided. Finally, business-related and socioethical aspects of the problem are considered. 相似文献
3.
Belayet Hossain Laura Lamb 《Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy》2012,31(4):440-450
Employment income of Aboriginal Canadians is analysed with the objective of assessing the impact of a broader definition of capital to include the human capital component of health status and social capital on income level. The dataset of the 2006 Aboriginal Peoples Survey is examined using an IV ordered probit model to analyse the factors affecting employment income. The results suggest that social capital and human capital, measured by education and health status, among other socio‐demographic factors, influence the level of employment income among Aboriginal Canadians. The findings have implications for public policy. 相似文献
4.
Brendan Long 《Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy》2012,31(2):274-285
The paper analyses Confidentialised Unit Record Files (CURF) data from the 2009 Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Survey of Ageing, Disability and Carers (SDAC) to estimate the proportion of Australians with disability and an employment restriction who are not in the labour force and who want to work. This result was 24–26 per cent depending on the treatment of various survey responses. This represents a pool of 200,000 persons not in the labour force with disability who state they can work. This work intention rate is higher than the EU average overall, but tends to be lower than the EU average for older men and higher for younger women with disability outside of the labour market. The OECD integration model for persons with disability has relied upon the EU average work intention rate. This analysis applies the SDAC work intention rate to the OECD model. The SDAC data combined with updated population and labour force projections validate the previous conclusion of the OECD model: that in Australia allowing people with disability who want to work to enter find employment would reduce the fiscal gap caused by the ageing of the population by roughly a quarter. 相似文献
5.
The trend away from full‐time permanent employment raises questions about the relevance of traditional approaches to managing and compensating employees. Employment in the Australian building industry is characterised by short‐term, project‐based employment. Employers and unions in the industry have adopted alternative compensation models to accommodate the short‐term nature of employment, most notably through portable benefit schemes. In 1997, the Victorian building industry extended the range of portable benefits to include sick leave. Empirical evidence suggests a relationship between employee absence behaviour and accrual entitlement models. Research reported here supports this link, and suggests that both employers and employees can benefit from an alternative, portable, approach to accrued entitlements. Employers can benefit because employees may be less likely to take an instrumental approach to their entitlements. Employees benefit because they are able to accrue entitlements for the period they remain in the building industry, irrespective of the extent to which they change jobs. 相似文献
6.
Bipasha Baruah 《Feminist Economics》2015,21(2):53-76
This paper identifies opportunities and constraints that low-income women face in accessing livelihoods in the renewable-energy sector in India through qualitative and quantitative research conducted in collaboration with The Energy Resources Institute (TERI) and the Self Employed Women's Association (SEWA) in 2012–13. Whereas previous research has focused on women mostly as end users of solar and biomass technologies, this research attempts also to understand women's potential as entrepreneurs, facilitators, designers, and innovators. Findings reveal that although access to technology and employment in the energy sector is limited by inadequate purchasing power and low social status, there is tremendous potential to create livelihoods for women at all levels of the energy supply chain. Broader findings indicate that women can gain optimal traction from employment in the energy sector only if there are wider socially progressive policies in place, including state intervention to create a robust social welfare infrastructure and accessible, high-quality, public services. 相似文献
7.
John J. Siegfried 《The Journal of economic education》2014,45(4):387-391
The 2007–10 growth spurt (18 percent over three years) in U.S. undergraduate economics degrees stalled out in 2011. Degrees awarded have been relatively constant over the past three years. 相似文献
8.
Hans Westlund 《Review of social economy》2013,71(2):163-182
Recent research has shown growing shares of employment in the social economy (or non-profit sector) both in the European Union and in the United States. In the EU, there seems to be growing hopes that the social economy will be capable of contributing to local progress on the unemployment issue in crisis regions. This paper analyses employment in certain entrepreneurial forms, usually considered belonging to the social economy, in Sweden during the 1990s. The results show considerable regional differences of employment in the social economy, but also that its share of the labor market is very limited. The effect of social-economic organizations on employment, therefore, is probably mainly indirect in as much as they function as platforms for cooperation between firms or else as embryos for enterprises by strengthening local entrepreneurship and helping to nurture a deposit of social capital which has visible effects on private business and jobs. However, these effects need more detailed examinations. 相似文献
9.
This study empirically examines the business cycle behaviour of public consumption and its main components, the public wage bill (including its breakdown into compensation per employee and public employment) and intermediate consumption, in the euro area aggregate, euro area countries and a group of selected non-euro area Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries (Denmark, Sweden, the UK, Japan and the US). It looks across a large number of variables and methods, using annual data from 1960 to 2005. It finds robust evidence supporting that public consumption, wages and employment co-move with the business cycle in a pro-cyclical manner with 1–2 year lags, notably for the euro area aggregate and euro area countries. The findings reflect mainly the correlation between cyclical developments, but also point to an important role of pro-cyclical discretionary fiscal policies. 相似文献
10.
Anne Daly Tesfaye A. Gebremedhin 《Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy》2015,34(3):128-138
This article reports the results of a study of participants in the National Australia Bank (NAB) Indigenous Employment Program who have become permanent NAB employees. It presents evidence that a voluntary Affirmative Action program such as the Reconciliation Action Plans (RAP) developed through Reconciliation Australia can have a positive effect on career and personal outcomes for the people involved. They can also be beneficial for the sponsoring organisation by encouraging a greater understanding by employees of Indigenous culture. The positive incentives for high profile organisations such as NAB to engage with the RAP program provide additional incentives for organisations to actively promote the position of Indigenous Australians. 相似文献