This article presents the results of a questionnaire survey sent to a sample of automobile manufacturers in the United States and Japan (including Japanese-managed plants in the United States) during the spring of 1990. The data support observations that Japanese and U.S. practices tend to differ in key areas and Japanese suppliers perform better in dimensions such as quality (defects) and prices (meeting targets, reducing prices over time); and that Japanese-managed auto plants established in the United States have, in general, adopted Japanese practices and receive extremely high levels of quality from Japanese as well as U.S. suppliers. These findings provide evidence that Japanese practices and performance levels are transferable outside Japan and suggest that considerable improvements are possible for U.S. suppliers supplying U.S. auto plants. In addition, the survey indicates that U.S. firms have adopted at least some practices traditionally associated with Japanese firms, apparently reflecting some convergence toward Japanese practices and higher performance levels in supplier management. 相似文献
This article examines innovation in the securities industry with the central objective of identifying factors that separate innovators from non-innovators. Akira Iwamura and Vijay Jog report results based on their survey of corporate finance vice presidents or CEO's of 43 investment houses from around the world. They conclude that innovative companies seem to be larger and have a well-defined strategy, with management defining the focus of the business. In addition, the firms have developed better communication channels, both internally and with their customers. Yet, the most significant difference that separates innovators from non-innovators is their management of the idea generation process, including concept generation and management's support. Innovators tend to approach idea generation in the following ways: they employ a variety of idea sources, both internal and external; they assign a specific person or group to be in charge of developing new ideas; they encourage employees at all levels to generate new ideas; they use a variety of innovative techniques to stimulate creativity; they reward their employees by non-monetary means; and they encourage group-level participation in evaluation decisions. 相似文献
In general, the introduction of competition into the public sector seems to lead to higher cost‐efficiency in service production. However, there are examples of substantial cost increases in some areas. In this paper, using a mixed oligopoly model, we investigate the effects of deregulation on the cost‐reducing incentives of a public firm. Our results show that a firm that is a public monopoly has greater incentive to conduct cost‐reducing investment than a public firm within mixed oligopoly market. 相似文献
R.J. May and W.J. O'Malley (eds), Observing Change in Asia. Essays in Honour of J.A.C. Mackie, Bathurst: Crawford House Press, 1989, pp. 265. Paper: A$20.00.
Michael R. Dove (ed.), The Real and Imagined Role of Culture in Development: Case Studies from Indonesia, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1988. US$ 32.00.
Fukuo Ueno, Desa Cimahi: Analysis of a Village on Java during the Japanese Occupation (1943), Rotterdam: Comparative Asian Studies Programme (GASP), Erasmus University, 1988, pp. 291 + xi.
Sritua Arief and Adi Sasono, Modal Asing, Beban Hutang Luar Negeri dan Ekonomi Indonesia, Jakarta: LSP dan UI Press, 1987, pp. 69 + xix.
BRIEFLY NOTED: World Bank, World Debt Tables 1989–90, 2 Vols, Washington Dc, 1989.
Mohan Munasinghe, Energy Analysis and Policy, London: Butterworths, 1990, pp. 315 + xx; Electric Power Economics, London: Butterworths, 1990, pp. 323 + xviii. 相似文献
The main result of this paper is that, provided the range of the demand function is convex and the whole budget is spent, the strong axiom of revealed preference holds if and only if the weak axiom of revealed preference and a certain “regularity” condition both hold. The regularity condition is a relationship between two definitions of expenditure compensation function that must hold if the strong axiom holds. The paper distinguishes itself from previous work in that no continuity assumptions are made on the demand function. It also discusses the relationship of the regularity condition used in this paper to the one used by Uzawa and van Moeseke. 相似文献
This paper studies the axiomatic foundations of the indirect utility function, based upon a revealed preference approach. A chain of comparisons of budgets is regarded as giving a relation on the price-income space (a revealed favorability relation) rather than a relation on the commodity space (a revealed preference relation). The weak and strong axioms of revealed favorability are introduced by analogy with the weak and strong axioms of revealed preference, and the relationship between the former two axioms is investigated. The indirect and direct utility functions are then derived on the basis of the strong axiom of revealed favorability. Neither the continuity property of the demand function nor the convex property of its range is required for the approach taken in the paper. 相似文献
This paper analyzes vertical restraints in relation to market access issues. In Section II we briefly review the recent three major trade conflicts between Japan and the USA in light of vertical restraints. In Section III we review the major policy lessons of the economics literature of vertical restraints, and analyze whether we need a special treatment for vertical restraints abroad for a market access reason. In Section IV we evaluate the policy options towards foreign foreclosure and suggest that nondiscriminatory application of foreign or home competition policy should be the mechanism to address such concern instead of trade policy actions such as voluntary import expansions. 相似文献
We investigate endogenous timing in a mixed duopoly in a differentiated product market. We find that private leadership is better than public leadership from a social welfare perspective if the private firm is domestic, regardless of the degree of product differentiation. Nevertheless, the public leadership equilibrium is risk-dominant, and it is thus robust if the degree of product differentiation is high. We also find that regardless of the degree of product differentiation, the public leadership equilibrium is risk-dominant if the private firm is foreign. These results may explain the recent revival of public financial institutions in Japan. 相似文献