The effectiveness of government spending on education and health care in developing and transition economies

Recent studies show that corruption is associated with higher military spending [Eur. J. Polit. Econ. 17 (2001) 794] and lower government spending on education and health care [J. Publ. Econ. 69 (1998) 263]. This suggests that policies aimed at reducing corruption may lead to changes in the composition of government outlays toward more productive spending. However, little empirical evidence has been presented to support the claim that public spending improves education and health indicators in developing and transition countries. This paper uses cross-sectional data for 50 such countries to show that increased public expenditure on education and health care is associated with improvements in both access to and attainment in schools, and reduces mortality rates for infants and children. The education regressions are robust to different specifications, but the relationship between health care spending and mortality rates is weaker.     

与美国海关合作及实现知识产权保护最大化

知识产权的海关执法基本由美国海关与边境保护局（CBP）和美国移民及海关执法局（ICE）的相关部门负责,前者属于民事管理,后者属于刑事执法范畴。海关知识产权保护对于抵制仿冒产品、     

浅谈物流管理专业的实践教学

1 引言 物流管理是一门实践性很强的学科.物流管理专业为适应社会主义市场经济的需要,培养掌握扎实的现代物流管理基本理论和专门知识,能在生产、流通和服务领域中面向生产一线的操作层、管理层的高素质技能型人才.国家教育行政主管部门把物流专业人才列为全国十二类技能型紧缺人才之一.我国的物流教育也随着物流产业的蓬勃发展在不断的改革和创新,物流管理专业的实践教学已成为我国物流教育新的起跑点.     

Foreign Aid and Consumption Smoothing: Evidence from Global Food Aid

The paper examines the cyclical properties of food aid with respect to food availability in recipient countries, with a view to assessing its impact on consumption in some 150 developing countries and transition economies, covering 1970 to 2000. The results show that global food aid has been allocated to countries most in need. Food aid has also been countercyclical within countries with the greatest need. However, for most countries, food aid is not countercyclical. The amount of food aid provided is also insufficient to mitigate contemporaneous shortfalls in consumption.     

难以捉摸的和平红利

冷战结束的时候，人们以为“和平红利”会随之而来，因为释放出来的资源可以被用在更具生产力的用途上。但事与愿违，我们正在目睹一个冲突此起彼伏的时代，恐怖主义团伙变得更加复杂、破坏力更大。1989年到2000年间，估计有400多万人死于激烈的冲突之中，而国际恐怖分子袭击从1995年至1999年问的每年342起左右上升到2000年至2001年的每年387起。中低收入国家住冲突中遭受的损害最为深重：在1996到2000年期间，差不多70％的主要冲突以及20％以上的国际恐怖活动袭击发生住亚洲和非洲。     

Privatization, Labor and Social Safety Nets

Privatization promotes economic efficiency and growth, thereby reinforcing macroeconomic adjustment. In the short run, however, it can lead to job losses and wage cuts for workers. This paper discusses these adverse impacts of privatization in terms of various methods of privatization and surveys the existing empirical evidence. It finds that public sales and auctions can have stronger negative effects on workers but maximize the government's revenue. Policymakers' options for mitigating the social impact of privatization are surveyed.     

计算债务减免的收益——如何减少外部债务负担以促进低收入国家的增长

很多低收入国家在由IMF及世界银行分别在1996年和1997年分别发起的重债穷国倡议和加强的重债穷国倡议的帮助下，正在获得债务减免。这些倡议的目标是减免世界上最贫穷国家的债务负担，以帮助它们与贫穷做斗争。但是如何将降低债务负担与减少债息支付转化为更高增长和生活条件的改善呢?