脱贫与经济增长:"贵州新现象"探析——贵州云南两省的比较研究

经济增长通常意味着贫困率的下降,然而,对于增长很慢的经济体或经济增长没有带动贫困率降低的案例,这种假设似乎并不成立.中国两个较为贫困省份的数据展示了这样一个谜题:贵州省的经济增长缓慢但农村贫困率的下降较为显著,对这一现象不妨称之为"贵州新现象";与此同时,云南省经济高速增长但贫困率下降较为迟缓.根据相关考察和统计数据的分析,交通、流动人口、旅游业和矿产业四个因素是解释这个谜题的关键.这四个因素在两个省的不同分布和构造解释了它们经济增长与贫困率下降关系中的不平衡性.     

ESTIMATION OF EFFECTIVE RISK REDUCION THROUGH IRRIGATION OF A PERENIAL CROP*

This paper outlines an approach to assessing the benefits from in vestment in the irrigation of tea stands in three areas of East Pakistan. Irrigation aflects both the establishment and productive life of the growing crop, and therefore the analysis includes a discounred assessment of the replacement decision, as well as an appraisal of the change in technology. Since the biological and weather eflects that determine annual and long-run productivity of the stand are stochastic variables, the evaluation is made using a simulation model in which these determinants are introduced as known discrete probabilities. Using this model an estimate may be made of rhe net gains to a tea estate of the risk reduction achieved by eliminating harmful crop moisture deficits.     

The safety attitudes of people who use multi-purpose recreation facilities as a physical activity setting

Multi-purpose recreation facilities (MPRFs) are a popular setting for physical activity and it is therefore important that they are safe for all patrons. However, the attitudes of MPRF users towards safety are a potential barrier to the success of injury prevention programmes implemented within MPRFs. This article reports a survey of the safety attitudes of over 700 users of four indoor MPRFs. Factor analysis of 12 five-point Likert scale statements showed that the attitudes clustered around three major dimensions - the importance of safety, the benefits of safety and the perceptions of injury risk. Together, these three dimensions accounted for 49% of the variability in the attitudes. More than 85% of respondents agreed/strongly agreed that: safety was an important aspect of physical activity participation; being injured affected enjoyment of physical activity; people should adopt appropriate safety measures for all physical activity; and individuals were responsible for their own safety. The MPRF users, particularly women and older people, were generally safety conscious, believed in adopting safety measures, and were willing to take responsibility for their own safety. Facility managers can be confident that if they provide evidence-based injury prevention interventions in these settings, then users will respond appropriately and adopt the promoted behaviours.     

Strategic and organisational determinants of sophistication in deployed sales force automation systems within three industry sectors in the UK

Abstract

This paper investigates strategic and organisational context determinants of the sophistication of adopted sales force automation (SFA) systems in three UK industries: financial services, pharmaceuticals, and building/construction. Sophistication of adopted systems is associated with the organisation placing greater emphasis on information orientation, which is itself driven by an increased integration of IT and sales coupled with increased organisational slack. Increased integration of IT and sales is itself driven by increased strategic importance of sales coupled with increased use of internal communication networks. Importantly, a firm's marketing orientation, although also driven by the strategic importance of sales, has no impact on either information orientation or SFA sophistication. We discuss the implications of our findings to aid understanding of SFA implementation failure.     

Book review

Sales Management Concepts and Cases (4th Edition) by Douglas J. Dalrymple and William L. Cron. (John Wiley & Sons, Inc, New York, 1992). 758 pages. £18.95. ISBN 0 471 57258 6.     

Manufacturers need to show greater commitment to customer service

In order to improve their competitiveness, firms are being advised to be more responsive to customer needs, and there is evidence that customer service is becoming one of the key management issues of the 1990s. This article examines what manufacturing companies in the U. K. are doing in terms of customer service compared with managerial guidelines in the literature. The key concepts that have been advocated to make organizations more responsive and customer-driven are identified, and the extent to which this advice is followed is evaluated by conducting an empirical study of manufacturing companies. This comparison between what is preached in the literature and what is practiced by managers suggests that although managers may pay lip service to customers, their actions fall a long way short of what is required to be a customer-driven firm. The managerial implications are discussed.     

On the superneutrality of money in a stochastic dynamic macroeconomic model

This paper explores the robustness of the superneutrality of money result to the introduction of uncertainty. While, qualitatively, superneutrality fails to obtain in our model, quantitatively the observed Tobin effect is insignificant. The equilibrium time paths of real variables are nearly unaffected by changes in the money growth rule. We argue that our conclusions reinforce the theoretical case for superneutrality.     

Social development and macroeconomic policy

We have a clear idea of what it is that South Africa needs and deserves, both now and in the future. We also all agree that in order to create the conditions which will address those needs, we will have to go without some things in the short term. Until now, we, in this House, have not agreed on what it is that we should part with for the common good ...²     

Consumer perspectives on the African sharptooth catfish in rural and urban areas of the Northern Province

This study evaluated consumer behavioural patterns in relation to meat products, with special reference to the African sharptooth catfish, in the Northern Province. Personal interviews were conducted in rural Ga‐Mamphaka and urban Giyani. The major meat type purchased was found to be chicken (71 per cent in the rural and 46 per cent in the urban community). The sharptooth catfish was found to be acceptable to the majority of respondents, both urban (69 per cent) and rural (57 per cent). Most respondents also indicated that they would like to purchase canned catfish. A potential market for catfish would seem to exist at a price competitive with that of chicken.