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1.
Zhu Bing Li Lingxiao Downs David H. Sebastian Steffen 《The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics》2019,58(1):51-79
The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics - This paper provides new evidence on the effect of housing wealth on consumption by focusing on the impact of home-equity extraction. We develop a... 相似文献
2.
Thomas W. Downs 《The Financial Review》1993,28(4):549-583
A negative relationship between corporate leverage and tax shields has been predicted because a large nondebt tax shield reduces the expected value of interest tax savings and lessens the advantage of debt financing. Previous studies, however, have provided inconclusive and contradictory evidence on whether nondebt tax shields crowd-out debt financing. The analysis herein relies on unique constructs of discounted depreciation tax shields and presents evidence that crowding-out does not occur. Furthermore, it is shown that contradictory inferences may result from analysis of annual tax depreciation deductions instead of discounted tax shields. The findings suggest that firms with substantial cash flow from depreciation exploit their higher debt capacity by maintaining a capital structure with significantly more debt than otherwise. 相似文献
3.
James B. Downs Oliver Hossfeld Vivek K. Velamuri 《Managerial and Decision Economics》2019,40(3):309-320
Growing technological complexity continues to drive firms to interact with the external innovation environment to achieve firm success. However, industries' complexities and the business model concept's underlying ontology have limited research on modeling the key factors that enable this interface. In this study, results of an empirical analysis of a unique dataset of 102 biopharmaceutical companies broadly support the EC‐LQO five‐factor framework as a useful tool to guide business model innovation for highly knowledge‐intensive environments. 相似文献
4.
Cooper Michael Downs David H. Patterson Gary A. 《The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics》2000,20(2):225-244
This article examines the relation between systematic price changes and the heterogeneity of investors information sets in real estate asset markets. The empirical implications rely on a theoretical economy in which information asymmetry alters the dynamic relation between returns and trading volume. We employ a filter-rule methodology to determine predictability in returns and augment the return-based conditioning set with trading volume. The additional conditioning information is necessary since the model is underspecified when predictability is based on returns alone. Our results provide new insight into the coexistence of informational and noninformational exchange in the speculative markets for real estate assets. Specifically, we find that the predictability of real estate returns is generally more indicative of portfolio rebalancing effects than an adverse-selection problem. These results are unique in addressing the time-variation in information asymmetry. 相似文献
5.
The rapid growth and importance of intergovernmental coordination in the regulation of markets, transportation and communication, the environment, and national security poses numerous challenges for democratic accountability within participating states. Direct public participation in the intergovernmental regulatory bodies is generally modest or absent. Information regarding their deliberations is limited. And the multiple oversight mechanisms and supervisory processes that exist at the domestic level of developed democracies that can scrutinize intergovernmental regulatory decisions tend to be lacking. This lack of accountability raises legitimacy concerns, the most prominent of which is the fear executive branch officials will delegate controversial policy decisions to intergovernmental bodies in order to escape democratic deliberation. In this paper we survey the ways that different review venues (other international institutions and national courts) are attempting to cope with these accountability related issues: we argue that national courts may prove to be the most effective venue for promoting democratic accountability. This is not because they are more reliably representative of their domestic constituency or possess a more cosmopolitan perspective than the bodies whose decisions they are reviewing. Rather their relative advantage lies in: (1) the increasing acceptance on the part of domestic courts that inter-judicial coordination is a prerequisite for their continued ability to fulfill their judicial review function; and (2) the visibility that the decisions of these courts possess. Acting together these two forces have the potential to foster greater transparency and public deliberation than most rival venues. 相似文献
6.
Most studies employing the user cost of capital are inconsistent because their user cost assumes capital has an infinite life and depreciates geometrically, whereas they employ capital stock estimates that assume finite life and nongeometric depreciation. This study examines the significance of the inconsistency and derives a user cost formula that eliminates it. 相似文献
7.
Although most marketing researchers and texts recommend guaranteeing respondents anonymity in mail surveys, emirical evidence
on this issue is dated, and often is based on results from student or occupational samples. The present study examines the
impact of anonymity on item omission, response bias, and response quality. Based on a representative sample of respondents
from a Southern SMSA, it was found that lack of anonymity had minor effects on response variables. Anonymous respondents provided
slightly less information to complex questions, and lower-income respondents, nonwhites, and homeowners were more likely to
identify themselves on the return envelope. Yet, the responses of these groups did not differ substantively from answers of
other respondents on the range of questionnaire items examined. 相似文献
8.
The Value in Targeting Institutional Investors: Evidence from the Five-or-Fewer Rule Change 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
David H. Downs 《Real Estate Economics》1998,26(4):613-649
This article examines a recent relaxation in the ownership qualifications for real estate investment trusts that is popularly referred to as the five-or-fewer rule change. The motivation for this rule change leads to an analogy between the ownership change process and an industry-wide investor targeting strategy. The findings reveal a significant wealth effect based on the targeting strategy; however, there is no evidence to suggest this heterogeneous effect was intended. In addition, the targeted investors' ex post trading behavior is linked directly to the targeting strategy. These findings support the value-based strategy of targeting institutional investors where, in this case, value creation is associated with the increased concentration of a dispersed base of sophisticated investors. 相似文献
9.
Alan C. O'Connor Brandon M. Downs Laura M. Hillier 《Economics of Innovation and New Technology》2015,24(5):510-531
The Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) allied to analyze the impact of their investments in medical imaging research. The CFI funds capital and operating programs for research infrastructure, and CIHR's mandate concentrates its funding on research activity. It happens that CIHR-funded research consumes CFI-funded infrastructure as an input in the innovation process. Apart from a few partnered programs, by design there is no coordination between CFI and CIHR funding decisions. Together, these agencies invested $916 million over a 14-year-period. In this paper, we evaluate the economic and health benefits from advancements in one funded area, namely computed tomography perfusion (CTP). CTP is an imaging technique that uses computed tomography to measure blood flow in organs and tissues. It is mostly used to assess acute ischemic stroke. The net social benefits attributable to these investments are substantially positive: the benefit-to-cost ratio is estimated to be between 6.66-to-1 and 9.99-to-1. We review how public investments from multiple funders comingle in the innovation process to deliver social value and improved health outcomes. 相似文献
10.
This paper examines the summary informativeness of trading in real estate securities. Prior literature on publicly traded real estate securities suggests that the information deficiency associated with local economies and unique rent dynamics will manifest itself as severe information asymmetry. To date, most studies concerned with these issues have focused on the conventional measures of liquidity (serial correlations, bid—ask spreads, etc.). However, the conventional measures have several shortcomings as pure measures of trading information. To address this issue, we use a vector autoregressive methodology pioneered by Hasbrouck. We examine the empirical proposition that information-gathering activities are related to trade informativeness. The evidence is consistent with a theoretical model in which traders are risk-averse and the number of information gatherers is small. 相似文献