依赖性与嵌入性：产学研合作创新持续性研究

作为合作创新的重要形式,产学研合作创新为资源整合、产业优化与经济发展作出了重要贡献。基于国家重点产业专利信息服务平台,以我国电子元器件产业产学研合作发明专利为数据来源,采用Logistic回归模型实证检验依赖性与嵌入性对产学研合作创新持续性的影响。结果表明：在依赖性的3个要素中,地理邻近性对产学研合作创新持续性不具有显著影响,知识相似性和身份相似性均对产学研合作创新持续性具有显著正向影响;在嵌入性的3个要素中,结构嵌入性对产学研合作创新持续性不具有显著影响,关系嵌入性和位置嵌入性均对产学研合作创新持续性具有显著正向影响。但是,当所有因素同时进入回归模型时,只有知识相似性和关系嵌入性对产学研合作创新持续性具有显著正向影响,身份相似性和位置嵌入性的影响不再显著。     

Proportional income taxes and cores in a public goods economy

An equivalence relationship between cores and Pareto optimal allocations of a public goods economy where the public goods are to be provided through a proportional income tax is presented. For this purpose, the definition of the core is modified by allowing coalitions to tax their complements at any given rate. Also, a certain rule which specifies the rate is introduced.     

The impact of e-commerce: It always benefits consumers, but may reduce social welfare

This paper investigates the impact of e-commerce on social welfare using a linear city model. Our model incorporates the diversity of consumers such that some can purchase the good via the Internet while others cannot. Our main result is as follows. The appearance of e-commerce enhances retail competition and always increases consumer surplus. However, total surplus does not necessarily improve. This is because the equilibrium market division between conventional stores and e-commerce is not socially optimal and efficiency loss of distribution accrues if the population of Internet shoppers is small and/or the cost of e-commerce is high. Our theoretical results indicate that the small e-commerce market share in the Japanese and US economies may result in welfare loss.     

典当业与江南近代农村社会经济关系辨析

近代江南农村需要向典当融通资金的人口中 ,既有贫困阶层 ,也有富裕阶层。由于富裕阶层有价值的物品较多 ,组织生产、社会交往的支出较大 ,他们与典当的关系较为密切。作为农村传统贷款机构的典当业 ,是连结都市金融市场与农村社会生产的纽带 ,对调剂农村金融、保障农副业生产、稳定社会治安有着积极意义。典当业内部严格的管理 ,培养了一批通晓农村社会实际的职员 ,这些职员事实上成了现代农业公司的人才储备。在对农村服务的过程中 ,典当业与新式金融机构银行结成了相互补充、相互利用、共同发展的关系 ,成为更好地为农村服务的机构     

Investment responses to Japanese tax reforms: A cross-industry comparison

This paper examines the investment responses to past Japanese tax reforms for individual industries. To identify the tax effect, this paper estimates investment functions by using a covariate of the change in tax-adjusted q caused by tax reform. This method alleviates the measurement error problem and enables the derivation of estimates indicating the valid adjustment cost of investment. Moreover, the findings suggest that firms’ investment responded significantly to tax reforms in the 1980s in general. Also, investments of only a few industries responded to those in the late 1990s, implying that the manner of investment response slightly differs among industries.     

Term Structure of Interest Rates Under Recursive Preferences in Continuous Time

This paper proposes a testable continuous-time term-structure model with recursive utility to investigate structural relationships between the real economy and the term structure of real and nominal interest rates. In a representative-agent model with recursive utility and mean-reverting expectations on real output growth and inflation, this paper shows that, if (1) real short-term interest rates are high during economic booms and (2) the agent is comparatively risk-averse (less risk-averse) relative to time-separable utility, then a real yield curve slopes down (slopes up, respectively). Additionally, for the comparatively risk-averse agent, if (3) expected inflation is negatively correlated with the real output and its expected growth, then a nominal yield curve can slope up, regardless of the slope of the real yield curve.     

我国湿地保护法治的功能演进与发展因应

研究目的：梳理和阐释我国湿地保护法治建构的内在逻辑与发展向度。研究方法：规范分析法、历史分析法和文献分析法。研究结果：（1）我国湿地保护法治历经了从“抢救性治理”到“全面性治理”再到“整体性治理”的建构历程,湿地保护法治的功能随之不断嬗变,在规范面向上表现为“要素保护—功能保护—系统保护”的递进完善,在实践面向上表现为“利用管理—保护管理—安全管理”的辩证发展。（2）鉴于环境增益、绿色发展与生态安全的战略需求,我国湿地保护法治需要超越“人域法”规范的内生困境、复归法益保障的价值偏离、补强风险防控的规制局限。（3）基于“人与自然和谐共生”的价值旨归,湿地保护法治应以形塑人际同构的秩序性、利益分配的公平性和风险防控的调适性为功能指引。研究结论：面向未来,需进一步强化湿地保护法治向协同性与适应性发展,促进经济社会理性与生态理性的良性互动,推进湿地保护与湿地利用的规范共进,寻求风险规制与风险适应的制度同构。     

在统筹城乡发展中解决“三农”问题的政策选择

<正>中国的农业、农村和农民问题,从某种意义上讲是由于特定历史条件下所形成的城乡分割的二元经济结构造成的。改革开放以后,我国城乡分割的格局虽然发生了较大变化,但城市化相对滞后,农村人口仍占很大比例;城乡分割制度壁垒森严,阻碍了农村剩余劳动力的转移和农村     

Parallel Consultant-Guided Search with Crossover

Consultant-guided search (CGS) is a recent metaheuristic method. This approach is an algorithm in which a virtual person called a client creates a solution based on consultation with a virtual person called a consultant. In this study, we propose a parallel CGS algorithm with a genetic algorithm’s crossover and selection, and calculate an approximation solution for the traveling salesman problem. We execute a computer experiment using the benchmark problems (TSPLIB). Our algorithm provides a solution with less than 3.3% error rate for problem instances using less than 6000 cities.