网络组织超额利润分配研究

网络组织合作模式能够为网络成员带来超额利润（网络租金）,然而目前关于网络成员如何分配超额利润的问题仍是一个“黑箱”,基于此,本文对网络组织超额利润分配问题进行了探讨。在“最大化馅饼”原则下,超额利润分配存在最优比例,企业所处资源位越高,能分得的份额越高。进一步分析表明,知识溢出难易度可通过影响企业所处资源位影响超额利润分配,较高的知识溢出难度为高资源位企业提供了壁垒效应,强化了其优势地位,使其能分得更多的超额利润。为验证上述假设,本文以《世界企业研发投入排名Top1500》中2007～2011年的企业为样本进行了计量检验。最后提出了相应建议。     

Why cities should not be subsidized

The paper deals with the question of whether fiscal transfers received by cities can be justified by a higher cost of producing publicly provided goods. In the model, increasing the population density implies both a higher output per capita due to agglomeration economies and a higher cost of the publicly provided good due to congestion. It is shown that introducing fiscal transfers to be paid by the region with the lower population density will generally reduce welfare. This result is obtained since the city is already beyond the level of optimum agglomeration.     

企业期货市场投机行为效应——基于中国有色金属行业的实证研究

随着期货市场发展,期货交易量已远超出实体经济需要,期货市场已成为企业重要的投机场所。基于此,本文主要研究了期货市场投机是否真正有利于提高企业业绩这一问题。首先提出了对企业期货交易行为是出于套期保值还是投机动机的识别方法,在此基础上,基于中国有色金属行业上市公司期货交易数据,研究了期货投机对企业业绩的影响。结果表明：从投资回报的角度看,有色金属行业上市公司的期货投机行为并未为其带来超额收益,反而对企业业绩产生了负面影响。     

Pensions and fertility incentives

Abstract.  This paper discusses the welfare implications of a pay‐as‐you‐go pension reform by introducing a child benefit in an endogenous fertility setting. In the model of a small open economy, higher fertility is associated with a reduction of lifetime labour supply. The optimum share of fertility‐related pensions is always below unity, but generally positive. The former is true, since individuals do not take into account the impact of their labour supply choice on the parent generation. It is demonstrated that child allowances are equivalent to fertility‐related pensions as instruments to achieve the optimum allocation. JEL classification: H23, H55, J13     

Public input competition and agglomeration

This paper analyzes the impact of public input competition in a New Economic Geography framework. It is shown that regional competition yields an overprovision of public inputs if trade costs are sizable while it leads to underprovision if regions are highly integrated. Moreover, public input competition assures a dispersion of industry as long as trade costs are high but induces agglomeration even for ex ante identical regions if trade costs have fallen below a certain value. Finally, a trade-off between regional convergence and efficiency arises since the efficient distribution of regional infrastructure requires full agglomeration for sufficiently low trade costs.     

Ageing and the tax implied in public pension schemes: simulations for selected OECD countries

A key figure suited to measuring intergenerational imbalances in unfunded public pension schemes is given by the ‘implicit tax rate’ imposed on each generation's lifetime income. The implicit tax arises from the fact that, quite generally, pension benefits fall short of actuarial returns to contributions paid to these systems while actively working. Under current pension policies, implicit tax rates will increase sharply for younger generations in most industrialised countries. In this paper, this is illustrated for the cases of France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Sweden, the UK and the USA. Nevertheless, there are remarkable differences across countries regarding both the level of implicit taxes and their development over successive age cohorts, which can be attributed to differences in ageing processes and in the institutional features of national pension systems. In addition, we can demonstrate how effective different approaches to pension reform are in smoothing the intergenerational profile of implicit tax rates.     

激进策略、短贷长投与非理性短期借款

以 2008~2015 年A股上市公司为样本,经测算发现：平均每年约有32.95%的上市公司存在非理性短期借款行为。实证分析表明,非理性短期借款主要用于企业长期投资,即“短贷长投”,这不仅给金融机构流动资金贷款管理带来了挑战,而且提高了金融系统的潜在风险。进一步分析表明,短贷长投的主因并非实务界公认的金融制度缺陷,而是企业采取了过于激进的融资策略,因此对短贷长投的治理要“疏”、“堵”结合。     

Lease Pricing for Farm Real Estate

A lease pricing model for farm land is developed that is consistent with traditional leasing principles and allows greater flexibility in determining crop share levels either separately or in combination with a fixed cash payment. The share levels are linked to the farm's soil productivity, the costs of each party's resource contributions, and their respective cost structures. The resulting menu of lease prices can enhance the equitability of leasing contracts, expand the range of contract choices, promote mutual incentives for the leasing parties, and heighten the efficiency of leasing markets through greater standardization of leases.     

Compulsory Savings: Efficiency and Redistribution On the Interaction of Means Tested Basic Income and Public Pensions

In the presence of means tested basic income for old age, households will tend to reduce precautionary savings to an inefficiently low level. We explore how this might serve as a justification for a compulsory public pension system. In a representative agent framework with two income types, compulsory savings are found to be Pareto-improving up to a point. Beyond that point, increases in contribution rates simply result in increasingly regressive (implicit) taxation. Similar results are found for pay-as-you-go pensions. On the basis of our model we argue that the introduction of a funded pension component may help the German pension system to cope with demographic change more efficiently.     

Are family allowances and fertility-related pensions perfect substitutes?

This paper discusses alternative ways to deal with the positive externalities of having children in a pay-as-you-go pension system. Family allowances are compared to introducing a fertility-related component into the pension formula. In an endogenous labor supply setting, both instruments are shown to be equivalent if general pensions are related to previous contributions. In contrast, if general pensions are of the flat-rate type, making pensions contingent on the number of children is generally preferable to family allowances because the latter creates a larger tax load on labor supply.