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1.
A market for medical care is characterized by uncertain, but inelastic demand and a ‘soft budget constraint’. We assume that in such a market, government decides on giving licenses to different private institutions to provide medical service. In this paper we present an argument as to why competition has a negative effect on social welfare and therefore government should only provide one license. We also explain why in such a market the profit-maximizing institutions install too high a capacity in comparison to a social optimum. 相似文献
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Detlef Lorenz 《Intereconomics》1985,20(3):122-129
The orthodox theory of foreign trade, which is simply a theory of re-allocation, can scarcely do justice to the issues that arise in the context of North-South relations. Its isolation from the problems of world and regional economic development, different trade flows and the transfer of production factors reduces its relevance to employment. 相似文献
5.
Determinants of how individuals choose,eat and waste: Providing common ground to enhance sustainable food consumption out‐of‐home 下载免费PDF全文
The transformation of food consumption in wealthy economies is regarded as an essential measure to reach global sustainability goals. However, existing policies and research activities to change food consumption in the increasingly relevant out‐of‐home sector relate to a wide set of options on how to influence behaviours and may be criticized to lack a general focus. Against this background, our study provides a structured review of the existing research body on the determinants of individuals’ food choices and food consumption out‐of‐home. It structures the various research approaches and findings for 110 selected papers according to a general ecological framework where personal, social and environmental determinants for food behaviours are considered. By providing a collective overview and linking results for different behavioural aspects and settings, this study supports a more general understanding of consumer food behaviour in out‐of‐home settings. Consequently, it also provides a means to identify research gaps and to suggest relevant aspects for future research to draw from the combination of findings and to enhance sustainability in food consumption. 相似文献
6.
The economic effects of federalism are unclear: some papers find that federalism has strong positive effects on a number of
economically relevant variables, others find negative effects. The results often crucially hinge on the proxies for federalism
used. In this paper, we critically survey the existing indicators for both federalism and fiscal decentralization. We argue
that federalism is a constitutional institution, whereas decentralization is the outcome of a policy choice, and that the
two ought to be systematically distinguished because decentralization can also occur in nonfederally structured states. We
further argue that institutional details are very important with regard to federalism and that dummy variables usually capture
only very specific aspects of these institutional details. We use factor analysis to test whether the latent variables behind
the observed indicators support these assumptions. More than two important factors are derived, implying that a more fine-grained
differentiation beyond simply “‘federalism” and “decentralization” might be in order. The correlations of the most important
proxies for various aspects of federalism and decentralization with a number of quasi-exogenous variables, as well as with
institutional variables, are usually rather modest. 相似文献
7.
There is a growing awareness in many EU member states that business taxation solely on the basis of “taxable profits” enables,
in particular, multinational companies to avoid paying taxes, with negative consequences both for tax revenue and—in the longer
run—also for the stability of the economy. The following article proposes the taxation of all compensation of capital—not
only profit for equity, but also interest for outside capital and licence fees for outside rights—at the site of production. 相似文献
8.
Dr. Johannes Hoffmann ist Referent in der Abteilung Konjunktur und Wachstum der Deutschen Bundesbank; Hans-Albert Leifer Dipl.-?konom ist Leiter der Abteilung Allgemeine Wirtschaftsstatistik Kapitalmarktstatistik Jahresabschlussdatenpool
der Deutschen Bundesbank und Andreas Lorenz Dipl.-Volkswirt ist dort Mitarbeiter. 《Wirtschaftsdienst》2005,85(11):706-714
Nach der Euro-Umstellung Anfang 2002 entwickelte sich das Preisempfinden deutlich anders als der gemessene Verbraucherpreisindex.
Inwieweit wird auch heute noch die Preisentwicklung von den Konsumenten übersch?tzt? Wie zuverl?ssig misst der von Hans Wolfgang
Brachinger entwickelte „Index der wahrgenommenen Inflation“ dieses Ph?nomen? Zu welchen Ergebnissen kommen die von der EU-Kommission
beauftragten Verbraucherumfragen?
Die Verfasser geben ihre pers?nliche Auffassung wieder, die nicht unbedingt mit derjenigen der Deutschen Bundesbank übereinstimmen
muss. 相似文献
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Detlef Lorenz 《Intereconomics》1991,26(1):3-10
The distinct trends towards regionalisation in the world economy that could be observed in recent years should not be interpreted merely as the formation of economic blocs or “fortresses”. This would amount to adopting a biased, backward-looking approach that sees only the sombre experiences of the thirties and forties and does not take sufficient account of the different challenges of the post-war period. 相似文献