Strengthening executive decision making

Although decisions determine corporate fates, executives don't always know how to make the best choices. The author examines today's dissatisfaction with corporate decision making, reviews how it can deteriorate as the pace of change increases, and offers five comprehensive strategies for improving the decision making process. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

The Role of Ideas in Understanding Industrial Relations Policy Change in Liberal Market Economies

This paper analyzes the uneven processes underpinning industrial relations policy liberalization in New Zealand, Australia, the UK, and Ireland. Drawing upon 140 elite interviews and building upon ideational comparative political theories, the paper highlights the role of ideas in the policy change process. It identifies how particular ideas can be used to construct policy problems, how these ideas can gain legitimacy through battles with competing ideas, and how policy legacies can influence whether ideas take root. The findings from the comparative case analysis expose a critical difference between “positive legacies” and “negative legacies” to account for different liberalization trajectories.     

Pricing dynamics in US fresh produce channels: new empirical evidence

Despite many valuable contributions, prior research has not completely explained retail pricing behavior. This study employs scanner data for 36 fresh produce items analyzing the relationship between costs of goods sold and retail prices to provide further insight into retail pricing behavior. Implications include: (1) where ‘natural’ variation in produce prices do not already exist from the supplier, retailers appear to introduce the variation themselves, independent from shipping point price; and (2) to the extent that supplier-retailer contracts for fresh produce develop, the resulting stabilizing influence on costs may have the preserve effect of increasing retail price variability to consumers.     

Counting carbon: historic emissions from fossil fuels,long-run measures of sustainable development and carbon debt

This article examines how to account for the welfare effects of carbon dioxide emissions, using the historical experiences of Britain and the USA from the onset of the industrial revolution to the present. While a single country might isolate itself from the detrimental effects of global warming in the short run, in the long all countries are unable to free ride. Thus, we support the use of a single global price for carbon dioxide emissions. The calculated price should decrease as we move back in time to take into account that carbon dioxide is a stock pollutant, and that one unit added to the present large stock is likely to cause more damage than a unit emitted under the lower concentration levels in the past. We incorporate the annual costs of British and US carbon emissions into genuine savings, and calculate the accumulated costs of their carbon dioxide emissions. Enlarging the scope and calculating the cumulative cost of carbon dioxide from the four largest emitters gives new insights into the question of who is responsible for climate change.     

ADVERSE CONTRACT INCENTIVES AND INVESTMENT BANKER REPUTATION: TARGET FIRM TENDER OFFER FEES

I measure the potential economic importance of fee-contract incentives and investment banker reputation as factors that can mitigate conflicts of interest between investment bankers and their target firm clients in tender offers. I find that the fee contracts used between target firms and their investment bankers contain incentives that can create substantial conflicts of interest. Simulated losses from these adverse incentives can be large—up to 16.7 percent of target firm value. I also find, however, that when investment banker reputation capital is included in the simulation, losses are substantially reduced.     

Measuring small area variation in hospital use: site-of-care versus patient origin data.

There has been increasing attention paid to small area variation in hospital discharge rates. While there is general agreement about the importance of correcting for the migration of patients to hospitals outside their geographic area when constructing population-based hospital use rates for these small areas, there have been no studies of the sensitivity of simple correlations or multiple regression results to these adjustments. Given the paucity of patient origin data, which is needed to adjust hospital discharge rates for patient crossovers, the problems of measurement error present in the more readily available site-of-care data need to be addressed. This paper analyzes the variation in hospital discharge rates, both an unadjusted site-of-care rate and an adjusted patient origin rate, across the 68 counties in the lower peninsula of Michigan in 1980. The results indicate that both simple correlations and multiple regression results of these rates with socio-economic and health care resource characteristics of the counties are very sensitive to the specification of the discharge rate, with the analysis of the unadjusted rate potentially leading to incorrect policy recommendations. The explanatory power of the socio-economic characteristics is underestimated and that of health care resource measures most likely overestimated when the discharge rate is not adjusted for patient crossovers.     

THE RISK OF FIRE SALES IN THE TRI‐PARTY REPO MARKET

This paper studies the risk of “fire sales” in the tri‐party repo market, a large and important market where securities dealers find short‐term funding for a substantial portion of their own and their clients' assets. We distinguish between fire sales of assets by a dealer who, facing a run that could lead to default, sells securities to generate liquidity, and fire sales of assets by repo investors after a dealer's default has occurred. While fire sales do cause damage no matter how they arise, the tools available to lessen the harm from the two types of fire sales are different. We find that limited tools are available to mitigate the risk of predefault fire sales and that no established tools currently exist to mitigate the risk of postdefault sales. (JEL G01, G18)     

与美国海关合作及实现知识产权保护最大化

知识产权的海关执法基本由美国海关与边境保护局（CBP）和美国移民及海关执法局（ICE）的相关部门负责,前者属于民事管理,后者属于刑事执法范畴。海关知识产权保护对于抵制仿冒产品、     

浅谈物流管理专业的实践教学

1 引言 物流管理是一门实践性很强的学科.物流管理专业为适应社会主义市场经济的需要,培养掌握扎实的现代物流管理基本理论和专门知识,能在生产、流通和服务领域中面向生产一线的操作层、管理层的高素质技能型人才.国家教育行政主管部门把物流专业人才列为全国十二类技能型紧缺人才之一.我国的物流教育也随着物流产业的蓬勃发展在不断的改革和创新,物流管理专业的实践教学已成为我国物流教育新的起跑点.     

React to the future: political visualization,emotional reactions and political behavior

Abstract

This study explores the mediating role political visualization – the process of imagining future political scenarios – plays in determining how political advertising affects voting behaviour. Specifically, we theorize that when partisans are exposed to political ads that are narrative (compared to non-narrative) in nature, they will engage in more political visualization. Partisans will then experience emotional reactions to these imagined futures – specifically, enthusiasm for the in-group candidate and anger towards the out-group candidate. These emotional reactions, in turn, will make a partisan more likely to vote for the in-group candidate and less likely to vote for the out-group candidate. We test this model by employing an experimental design where American partisans were presented a political ad (in the form of an email) that is either narrative or non-narrative. Results provide support for most of our expectations and suggest that visualization may play an important role in determining the influence of a political ad.