The balanced scorecard--measures that drive performance

Frustrated by the inadequacies of traditional performance measurement systems, some managers have abandoned financial measures like return on equity and earnings per share. "Make operational improvements and the numbers will follow," the argument goes. But managers do not want to choose between financial and operational measures. Executives want a balanced presentation of measures that allow them to view the company from several perspectives simultaneously. During a year-long research project with 12 companies at the leading edge of performance measurement, the authors developed a "balanced scorecard," a new performance measurement system that gives top managers a fast but comprehensive view of the business. The balanced scorecard includes financial measures that tell the results of actions already taken. And it complements those financial measures with three sets of operational measures having to do with customer satisfaction, internal processes, and the organization's ability to learn and improve--the activities that drive future financial performance. Managers can create a balanced scorecard by translating their company's strategy and mission statements into specific goals and measures. To create the part of the scorecard that focuses on the customer perspective, for example, executives at Electronic Circuits Inc. established general goals for customer performance: get standard products to market sooner, improve customers' time-to-market, become customers' supplier of choice through partnerships, and develop innovative products tailored to customer needs. Managers translated these elements of strategy into four specific goals and identified a measure for each.     

生物技术创新对世界农产品贸易的影响及我国的对策研究

本文分析了世界各主要国家在生物技术管理方面的政策差异及其原因。分析了生物技术创新对世界农产品贸易的各种潜在和现实的影响。并对未来转基因农产品贸易的形势进行了初步的预测和判断。在此基础上，从短期和长期两个方面提出了今后我国生物技术发展和转基因农产品贸易的政策建议。     

How hospital ownership affects access to care for the uninsured

This article addresses the effect of hospital ownership on the delivery of service to uninsured patients. It compares the volume of uninsured patients treated in for-profit and nonprofit hospitals by regarding hospital ownership and service as endogenous. Instrumental variable estimates are used to predict the percentage of patients who are uninsured, controlling for hospital ownership and service. The study shows that when for-profit and nonprofit hospitals are located in the same area, they serve an equivalent number of uninsured patients, but for-profit hospitals indirectly avoid the uninsured by locating more often in better-insured areas.     

Book Reviews

Ross H, McLeod (ed.), Indonesia Assessment 1994: Finance as a Key Sector in Indonesia's Development, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, and Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore, 1994, pp. 353. $25.00; S$35.00; A$30.00.

Miranda S. Goeltom, Indonesia's Financial Liberalization: An Analysis of 1981–88 Panel Data, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore, 1995, pp. xii + 93.

Joan Hardjono and Charles Warner (eds), In Love with a Nation: Molly Bondan and Indonesia, published by Charles Warner, Picton, NSW, 1995, pp. 256. A$16.95.

ln Love with a Nation is privately published and obtainable from the following Australian suppliers: Gleebooks, 49 Glebe Point Rd, Glebe 2037; Nusantara Bookshop, 72 Maroondah Hwy, Croydon 3136; or from Charles Warner, PO Box 194, Picton 2571. (If ordered from Charles Warner, price including postage is AS20 within Australia; A$25 to Europe, America or Africa; A$23 to Asia, Pacific.)     

Tomcat5.5与IIS5.0和IIS6.0集成的应用

着重介绍了Tomcat 5.5与Windows 2000 Server下的IIS 5.0和Windows 2003 Server下的IIS 6.0的集成中遇到的一些问题及解决方法,如配置JDK的运行环境,安装JK连接器,修改Tomcat的配置文件和注册表,IIS 5.0与IIS 6.0的区别,最后对所有配置进行了测试。使Tomcat与IIS完美结合,同时支持asp(aspx)和jsp的开发。     

The potential benefits of herbicide-resistant transgenic rice in Uruguay: Lessons for small developing countries

In many developing countries, the potential benefits from adopting a transgenic variety developed by a multinational corporation are limited by the crop’s small production base. This paper presents an ex-ante evaluation of the economic impact of herbicide resistant transgenic rice in a small developing country, Uruguay. To fully account for the multinational’s market power, the firm’s seed markup is assumed to affect the adoption rate for the variety. Stochastic simulation techniques are employed to understand how potential benefits may vary with changes in technology, yield, costs, and adoption parameters. The results indicate a $1.82 million mean net present value for producers from the development and utilization of transgenic rice in Uruguay and $0.55 million for the multinational. These relatively small multinational firm benefits suggest that a firm will not undertake significant efforts to develop transgenic varieties adapted to local conditions without either strategic partnerships with local institutions or access to wider regional markets.     

综放面沿空掘巷窄煤柱破坏规律研究

煤矿综放面窄煤柱尺寸较小,并且受到采动影响,往往产生较大的变形和移动,其破坏规律异常复杂。以某矿13278工作面为例,应用三维有限差分计算软件FLAC3D分析运料巷围岩及煤柱在工作面倾向、走向方向的破坏特征,得出该工作面生产过程中需要加强支护,防止出现安全事故。     

地方政府债务绩效评价指标体系研究

制定科学、系统、全面的评价指标体系是债务绩效评价首先要解决的问题。建立债务绩效评价指标体系应遵循系统性原则、科学性原则、可比性原则、简明性原则和导向性原则,比较系统的评价地方政府债务绩效的统计指标体系应包括经济水平和产业结构调整、科技进步与人口素质提高及居民生活水平提高3大类20项具体指标。     

产品市场竞争、公司治理与企业房地产投资——来自A股上市公司的经验证据

通过研究在产品市场竞争与公司治理不同情境中企业投资房地产的经济后果,发现房地产投资对公司市场业绩和会计业绩均存在负向影响。这种影响在竞争性行业中更加明显,并随着治理水平的下降逐渐加强。分类研究显示,在行业竞争、公司治理水平均较低或较高的情况中,负向影响较小;其他中间状态下,负向影响显著。房地产投资对会计业绩的改善效应仅存在于产品市场竞争激烈且治理较差的环境中,与之相伴的是市场业绩的显著恶化。当行业竞争激烈时,中等密集度投资能够获得会计业绩的改善,但随着密集度或投资期的增加,转变为持续恶化效应。这些结论意味着,产品市场竞争与规范的公司治理能够约束企业无效的房地产投资。