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Pavlo R. Blavatskyy 《Economics of Transition》2021,29(2):361-365
We collected 469 frontal face images of Ukrainian cabinet ministers who were in office in 2000–2020. For each image, the minister's body mass index was estimated using a computer vision algorithm. The time series of median estimated body mass index of cabinet ministers co-moves over time with two existing measures of corruption – World Bank worldwide governance indicator Control of Corruption, and the discrepancy between the quantity of luxury wristwatches exported from Switzerland to Ukraine (reported by Swiss statistics) and the corresponding quantity imported by Ukraine from Switzerland (reported by Ukrainian statistics). 相似文献
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In imperfectly discriminating contests the contestants contribute effort to win a prize but the highest contributed effort does not necessarily secure a win. The contest success function (CSF) is the technology that translates an individual's effort into his or her probability of winning. This paper provides an axiomatization of CSF when there is the possibility of a draw (the sum of winning probabilities across all contestants does not add up to one). 相似文献
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This paper analyzes individual decision making. It is assumed that an individual does not have a preference relation on the set of lotteries. Instead, the primitive of choice is a choice probability that captures the likelihood of one lottery being chosen over the other. Choice probabilities have a stochastic utility representation if they can be written as a non-decreasing function of the difference in expected utilities of the lotteries. Choice probabilities admit a stochastic utility representation if and only if they are complete, strongly transitive, continuous, independent of common consequences and interchangeable. Axioms of stochastic utility are consistent with systematic violations of betweenness and a common ratio effect but not with a common consequence effect. Special cases of stochastic utility include the Fechner model of random errors, Luce choice model and a tremble model of [Harless, D., Camerer, C., 1994. The predictive utility of generalized expected utility theories. Econometrica 62, 1251–1289]. 相似文献
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Pavlo Prokopovych 《Economic Theory》2011,48(1):5-16
We propose a single framework for studying the existence of approximate and exact pure strategy equilibria in payoff secure
games. Central to the framework is the notion of a multivalued mapping with the local intersection property. By means of the
Fan-Browder collective fixed point theorem, we first show an approximate equilibrium existence theorem that covers a number
of known games. Then a short proof of Reny’s (Econometrica 67:1029–1056, 1999) equilibrium existence theorem is provided for
payoff secure games with metrizable strategy spaces. We also give a simple proof of Reny’s theorem in its general form for
metric games in an appendix for the sake of completeness. 相似文献
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This paper develops the first model of probabilistic choice under subjective uncertainty (when probabilities of events are not objectively known). The model is characterized by seven standard axioms (probabilistic completeness, weak stochastic transitivity, nontriviality, event-wise dominance, probabilistic continuity, existence of an essential event, and probabilistic independence) as well as one new axiom. The model has an intuitive econometric interpretation as a Fechner model of (relative) random errors. The baseline model is extended from binary choice to decisions among m>2 alternatives using a new method, which is also applicable to other models of binary choice. 相似文献
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Ethnographic fieldwork in accounting is scarce and remains a “frontier” methodology, unfamiliar to most accounting researchers. Building on our field research project on corporate accountability and stakeholder engagement, set in the Canadian Arctic, we illustrate in this article the use and explanatory power of ethnographic methods for studying social groups and individual actors in the broader accounting universe. We share our fieldwork strategies and provide a few practical tips for conducting ethnographic research in both corporate and community environments. We then argue that ethnographies provide accounting researchers with untapped opportunities to discover vast reservoirs of knowledge inaccessible to other research methods, and offer a path to humanize accounting research. 相似文献
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Pavlo R. Blavatskyy 《Economic Theory》2012,50(1):59-83
This paper presents an axiomatic model of probabilistic choice under risk. In this model, when it comes to choosing one lottery
over another, each alternative has a chance of being selected, unless one lottery stochastically dominates the other. An individual
behaves as if he or she compares lotteries to a reference lottery—the least upper bound or the greatest lower bound in terms
of stochastic dominance. The proposed model is compatible with several well-known violations of expected utility theory such
as the common ratio effect and the violations of betweenness. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the proposed model are
completeness, weak stochastic transitivity, continuity, common consequence independence, outcome monotonicity, and odds ratio
independence. 相似文献
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Pavlo R. Blavatskyy 《Economic Theory》2006,28(1):221-226
Summary. Informal evidence suggests that individuals are willing to pay only a finite and, typically, very low price for a specific lottery that converges to an infinite payment with probability one. The established decision theories (expected value, expected utility theory, cumulative prospect theory) cannot satisfactorily explain this low willingness to pay. The presented paradox strengthens the original and the super St. Petersburg paradox.Received: 27 Spetember 2004, Revised: 15 January 2005, JEL Classification Numbers:
C91, D81.I am grateful to Peter Wakker, whose suggestions helped to simplify significantly the exposition of the main idea, and to the participants of a brown-bag seminar at CERGE-EI (June 23, 2004, Prague), notably Dirk Engelmann and Andreas Ortmann, who suggested interesting testable explanations for the paradox. 相似文献
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In this paper we synthesize and adopt the recently developed methods in efficiency analysis to the case of comparison of regions
within a country. We take Ukrainian regions as a subject of investigation, yet the same toolkit can be applied to test disputable
differences in productivity for many other countries where such questions can be of national concern (e.g., Belgium, Great
Britain, Spain, etc.). Contrary to common perception of economists focusing on Ukraine, we find no significant differences in distributions and aggregate efficiencies between the agricultural and industrial regions, neither between western (mostly Ukrainian speaking) and eastern (mostly Russian speaking) regions of Ukraine. However, we find strong
support for a rapidly increasing gap between the capital (Kyiv) and all the regions since 2001. Using truncated regression
analysis with bootstrap we also find robust evidence that the inefficiency of regions is positively related to alcohol and
tobacco consumption, the amount of foreign direct investment and inversely related to criminality in the region. On the other
hand, we also find strong evidence that amount of capital in the region and its wealth is positively associated with efficiency
level of this region. 相似文献