Construction of Exact Simultaneous Confidence Bands for a Simple Linear Regression Model

A simultaneous confidence band provides a variety of inferences on the unknown components of a regression model. There are several recent papers using confidence bands for various inferential purposes; see for example, Sun et al. (1999) , Spurrier (1999) , Al‐Saidy et al. (2003) , Liu et al. (2004) , Bhargava & Spurrier (2004) , Piegorsch et al. (2005) and Liu et al. (2007) . Construction of simultaneous confidence bands for a simple linear regression model has a rich history, going back to the work of Working & Hotelling (1929) . The purpose of this article is to consolidate the disparate modern literature on simultaneous confidence bands in linear regression, and to provide expressions for the construction of exact 1 ?α level simultaneous confidence bands for a simple linear regression model of either one‐sided or two‐sided form. We center attention on the three most recognized shapes: hyperbolic, two‐segment, and three‐segment (which is also referred to as a trapezoidal shape and includes a constant‐width band as a special case). Some of these expressions have already appeared in the statistics literature, and some are newly derived in this article. The derivations typically involve a standard bivariate t random vector and its polar coordinate transformation.     

Translational benchmark risk analysis

Translational development - in the sense of translating a mature methodology from one area of application to another, evolving area - is discussed for the use of benchmark doses in quantitative risk assessment. Illustrations are presented with traditional applications of the benchmark paradigm in biology and toxicology, and also with risk endpoints that differ from traditional toxicological archetypes. It is seen that the benchmark approach can apply to a diverse spectrum of risk management settings. This suggests a promising future for this important risk-analytic tool. Extensions of the method to a wider variety of applications represent a significant opportunity for enhancing environmental, biomedical, industrial, and socio-economic risk assessments.     

对实证会计研究的几点认识

实证会计研究已成为西方财务会计研究中的主流且硕果累累，但在我国这方面的探讨才刚刚开始，研究成果不丰富，研究资料匮乏，研究范围狭窄。通过分析发现，实证会计研究方法产生和发展的主要原因是在认识论上理论要经受得起实践的检验、资本市场的不断发展和从新的视角解释事物的需要。在我国开展实证会计研究，应注意遵循大胆借鉴西方实证会计研究方法、拓宽实证会计研究的领域、发展实证会计研究的基础理论和注重实证会计研究与规范会计研究相结合的基本原则。     

Translational benchmark risk analysis

Translational development – in the sense of translating a mature methodology from one area of application to another, evolving area – is discussed for the use of benchmark doses in quantitative risk assessment. Illustrations are presented with traditional applications of the benchmark paradigm in biology and toxicology, and also with risk endpoints that differ from traditional toxicological archetypes. It is seen that the benchmark approach can apply to a diverse spectrum of risk management settings. This suggests a promising future for this important risk‐analytic tool. Extensions of the method to a wider variety of applications represent a significant opportunity for enhancing environmental, biomedical, industrial, and socio‐economic risk assessments.