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In this paper, we make five contributions to the literature on information and entropy in generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation. First, we introduce the concept of the long run canonical correlations (LRCCs) between the true score vector and the moment function f(vt,θ0) and show that they provide a metric for the information contained in the population moment condition E[f(vt,θ0)]=0. Second, we show that the entropy of the limiting distribution of the GMM estimator can be written in terms of these LRCCs. Third, motivated by the above results, we introduce an information criterion based on this entropy that can be used as a basis for moment selection. Fourth, we introduce the concept of nearly redundant moment conditions and use it to explore the connection between redundancy and weak identification. Fifth, we analyse the behaviour of the aforementioned entropy-based moment selection method in two scenarios of interest; these scenarios are: (i) nonlinear dynamic models where the parameter vector is identified by all the combinations of moment conditions considered; (ii) linear static models where the parameter vector may be weakly identified for some of the combinations considered. The first of these contributions rests on a generalized information equality that is proved in the paper, and may be of interest in its own right. 相似文献
3.
This paper examines the demand and supply of medical services for the elderly in the health services system characterized by per-month fixed copayment and selective capitation fee scheme for outpatients with chronic diseases. The results indicate that the beneficiary, in particular the household dependent, visits a physician more frequently because the actual copayment decreases for the household dependent, but is nearly the same for the head of the household. Physicians, however, provide more services to the beneficiary partly because of the lowered copayment and partly because of the capitation fee scheme, which they will select instead of the fee-for-service scheme only when capitation is more profitable than Fee-for-Service. As a result, physicians as well as the insured benefit from the health services system. 相似文献
4.
Portfolio Optimization under Lower Partial Risk Measures 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Portfolio management using lower partial risk (downside risk) measures is attracting more attention of practitioners in recent years. The purpose of this paper is to review important characteristics of these riskmeasures and conduct simulation using four alternative measures, lower semi-variance, lower semi-absolute deviation, first order below targetrisk and conditional value-at-risk.We will show that these risk measures are useful to control downside risk whenthe distribution of assets is non-symmetric. Further, we will propose a computational scheme to resolve the difficultyassociated with solving a large dense linear programming problems resulting from these models. We will demonstrate that this method can in fact solve problems consisting of104 assets and 105 scenarios within a practical amount of CPU time. 相似文献
5.
In this paper we examine empirically the effect of market competition on firm productivity improvements using data drawn from the Japanese manufacturing sector. We find that a non-linear relationship between competition and productivity growth induced by R&D activity as suggested by Aghion et al. (2005) holds for Japanese manufacturing firms. We also show that greater market competition widens technology differences across firms, and firms facing more intense competition are more productive than other firms. Our empirical results imply that productivity improvement through R&D activity depends on not only a competitive environment but also technological differences between firms. 相似文献
6.
Arthur Norbergs Computers and Commerce is a much-neededstudy of the technical and business history of the Eckert-MauchlyComputer Corporation (EMCC) and Engineering Research Associates(ERA). Although there have been many historical studies aboutIBM, there have been relatively few accounts describing thefirms primary competitors or of the early formation ofthe industry. Norbergs study offers valuable insightsinto the latter by providing a detailed history of the technicaldecisions and financial strategies of the two entrepreneurialfirms that 相似文献
7.
Antonio Estache Jose-Luis Guasch Atsushi Iimi Lourdes Trujillo 《Review of Industrial Organization》2009,35(1-2):41-71
Multidimensional auctions are a natural, practical solution when governments pursue more than one objective in their public-private-partnership transactions. However, multi-criteria auctions seem difficult to implement and vulnerable to corruption and opportunistic behavior of both parties involved. Using data from road and railway concessions in Latin America, the paper examines the probability of renegotiation in connection with the selected award criteria. It shows that auctioneers tend to adopt the multidimensional format when the need for social considerations, such as alleviation of unemployment, is high. But more renegotiations would likely happen when the multidimensional format is used. Good governance, particularly regulatory quality and anti-corruption policies, can mitigate the renegotiation problem. 相似文献
8.
On the selection of forecasting models 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
It is standard in applied work to select forecasting models by ranking candidate models by their prediction mean squared error (PMSE) in simulated out-of-sample (SOOS) forecasts. Alternatively, forecast models may be selected using information criteria (IC). We compare the asymptotic and finite-sample properties of these methods in terms of their ability to mimimize the true out-of-sample PMSE, allowing for possible misspecification of the forecast models under consideration. We show that under suitable conditions the IC method will be consistent for the best approximating model among the candidate models. In contrast, under standard assumptions the SOOS method, whether based on recursive or rolling regressions, will select overparameterized models with positive probability, resulting in excessive finite-sample PMSEs. 相似文献
9.
This paper applies an option approach to search for the threshold rice price toward the sustainable paddy field management under rice price stochasticity. Rice price is assumed to follow geometric Brownian motion. The management model for paddy fields is a discrete stochastic dynamic programming model with binomial approximation for geometric Brownian motion, where a control variable is a decision to sustain or terminate paddy yield management. Our computational experiments indicate that an increase in rice price volatility could lower the threshold rice price for farmers to continue rice production. It is also shown that depending on the degree of rice price volatility, even under a lower price level than production costs, maintaining the management could become beneficial. Considering an option to terminate production could make the higher expected value of rice production than without it. Using 12 sets of time series data on voluntarily marketed rice produced in Hokkaido, Aomori, Iwate, Miyagi, Akita, Yamagata, Fukui, Ibaragi, Chiba, Niigata, Toyama and Nagano, the minimum threshold rice price of 6,700 Yen/60 kg was found in Chiba with the largest volatility, and the maximum of 7,250 Yen/60 kg in Ibaragi with the smallest volatility. If the market price becomes lower than the threshold rice price, some policy measures would be necessary toward sustainable paddy field management by covering the difference between them. 相似文献
10.
Transboundary pollution,tax competition and the efficiency of uncoordinated environmental regulation
Atsushi Yamagishi 《The Canadian journal of economics》2019,52(3):1165-1194
Under capital tax competition, surprisingly, Ogawa and Wildasin (2009) find that uncoordinated policymaking leads to a first‐best outcome even in the presence of transboundary pollution. However, I show that if the level of environmental regulation is endogenized, the regulation level becomes too loose compared with the optimum (“race to the bottom”). Thus, despite the efficiency result of Ogawa and Wildasin (2009), efforts to achieve international environmental policy coordination are needed. I then examine the dependence of this result on the level of decisive voter's capital endowment. The regulation is inefficiently loose in many cases, but it can be too strict if the decisive voter's capital endowment is above the average. Thus, the possibility of “race to the top” cannot be eliminated. The inefficiency result does not generally depend on the timing of policymaking, although the efficiency may be restored in the limit case where the decisive voter has no capital at all. 相似文献