Some empirical evidence on the stability of accounting error characteristics over time*

Abstract. This paper extends the analysis of previous research to provide evidence on the behavior of error characteristics over time. We find that while, in aggregate, accounting errors tend to be stable over time, the sources of these errors tend to be unstable. Thus, time series modeling of internal controls in external audits may be fruitful only at sufficiently high levels of aggregation. Résumé. Cet article élargit l'analyse contenue dans les recherches antérieures afin de fournir des preuves quant au comportement des caractéristiques des erreurs dans le temps. Nous constatons que bien qu'au total les erreurs comptables ont tendance à étre stables dans le temps, les sources de ces erreurs ont plutôt tendance à varier. Dès lors, la modélisation des séries chronologiques relatives aux contrôles internes dans le contexte de missions de vérification externe ne peut être profitable qu'à des niveaux d'agrégation suffisamment élevés.     

A note on the neutrality of internal control systems in audit practice*

Abstract. The purpose of this note is to provide empirical evidence concerning the assumption of internal controls neutrality, with respect to compliance testing, using either monetary unit sampling or physical unit selection. The results do not support the neutrality assumption. Thus, an amendment of the present professional guidelines for auditors regarding compliance testing may be warranted. Résumé. L'objectif de cette note est de fournir une évidence empirique relative à l'hypothèse de neutralité des contrôles internes en rapport avec les tests de conformité, en utilisant soit le sondage des unités monétaires ou le sondage des unités physiques. Les résultats n'appuient pas l'hypothèse de neutralité. Alors, un amendement aux guides professionnels actuels pour les vérificateurs est justifié dans le cas des tests de conformité.     

IMPLICIT CONTRACTS,LIFE CYCLE LABOR SUPPLY,AND INTERTEMPORAL SUBSTITUTION

The implicit contract model is a serious alternative to the spot market interpretation of the labor market. However, its usefulness has been limited because the wage is unobserved, and hence it has not been possible to estimate an intertemporal (Frisch) supply elasticity for the model using microdata. In this article, we show that one can estimate this elasticity from microdata within the context of the implicit contract model under relatively weak assumptions based on consumer theory. We implement our approach on two micro data sets and, for both, obtain a reasonably precise elasticity estimate of approximately 1.0.     

Do Industrial Relations Institutions Influence Foreign Direct Investment? Evidence from OECD Nations

The potential impact of industrial relations institutions on economic outcomes has been a key element in analyzing the governing of the global workplace. We present case information and analysis that show that there are trade‐offs between higher levels of economic outcomes and greater equity and employee voice associated with more and deeper labor market institutions. The estimates from the model show the impact of industrial relations system policies within a nation on a country's foreign direct investment (FDI) from other nations for the period 1985 through 2000 using data from nations that are members of the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD). Examples of the impact of major transformations in national industrial relations systems on FDI for UK and New Zealand also are presented. Our results show that higher levels of industrial relations institutions from the firms’ perspective are usually associated with lower levels of FDI.     

CFO Narcissism and Financial Reporting Quality

We investigate the effect of CFO narcissism, as measured by signature size, on financial reporting quality. Experimentally, we validate that narcissism predicts misreporting behavior, and that signature size predicts misreporting through its association with narcissism. Empirically, we examine notarized CFO signatures and find CFO narcissism is associated with more earnings management, less timely loss recognition, weaker internal control quality, and a higher probability of restatements. The results are consistent for within‐firm comparisons focusing on CFO changes and are robust to controlling for CFO overconfidence and CEO narcissism. The results highlight the importance of CFO characteristics in the domain of financial reporting decisions.