岩溶山地土地整理模式研究

西南岩溶山地是典型的脆弱生态环境,与经济发达地区相比,有其自身的土地资源特点、生态特点和社会特点。文章以此为基础,提出岩溶山地土地整理的原则、思路,认为岩溶山地的土地整理应从高标准基本农田建设、阶梯式还林退耕和辐射式生态重建、实行土地双轨制、直接对农户投资着手等,提出不同空间尺度如县市、乡镇、村组、农户土地整理的具体模式。非耕地资源开发是岩溶山地土地整理的重点。     

河西地区农牧地域分异与农牧耦合探讨

农牧耦合存在两种基本耦合类型:一是特定地域农(牧)生态系统中农牧业生产之间的内部耦合;二是不同地域农(牧)生态系统之间的农牧空间耦合。在对河西地区农牧空间耦合的自然环境、历史发展、现状结构和问题分析基础上,结合对农牧空间耦合的理论探讨,提出了河西地区农牧空间耦合的发展对策。     

Urbanization: the challenge for the next century

This article summarizes a new 1996-97 report from the World Resources Institute, the UN Environmental Program, the UN Development Program, and the World Bank, which describes a future with increased levels of urbanization that were reshaping the physical and social environment. Urbanization increased economic growth and environmental degradation. By the year 2000, 50% of the world population will live in urban areas. Cities are the center of economic activity. Consumption is the highest in cities. Cities produce the most pollution and waste. Three issues are particularly crucial to survival: the water supply, sanitation, and water resource management. Neglect of these and other environmental issues is likely to have important consequences in both developing and developed countries. The greatest growth in urban areas is occurring in developing countries. Cities in developing countries have huge populations living in poverty. The poor in either rural or urban areas are confronted with lack of access to clean water, to sanitation, and to housing. There is overcrowding and exposure to industrial wastes and air pollution. There is a need for policy reform, stronger institutions, and enlightened political leadership. Cities need to improve their environment and to strengthen local government and implement poverty reduction programs. Reform of urban policies must be accompanied by effective urban governance. Community-based approaches are essential. Broad-based support is needed for changes in strategies and practices and for attainment of a more sustainable environment.     

基本农田保护区规划环境影响评价方法

研究目的:探索一种基于GIS空间情景分析技术的基本农田保护区规划环境影响评价方法。研究方法:在GIS空间情景分析的基础上,提出基本农田保护区规划环境影响评价方法,并通过上海市实践验证该方法的可行性。研究结果:该方法可以在现有基本农田保护区规划方案的基础上,充分利用GIS的空间分析功能设定不同的环境影响评价情景,并通过对各情景下环境影响的定量比较分析,快速有效地评价基本农旧保护区规划方案的科学性和合理性。研究结论:该方法评价结果定量直观,具有一定的推广应用价值。     

中国非常规天然气资源勘探开发与政策思考

中国非常规天然气资源丰富,全国2000米以浅的煤层气资源量36.8万亿立方米,致密砂岩气资源量超过12万亿立方米,页岩气资源量31万亿立方米。但对比国外成功经验,中国非常规天然气开发存在一系列问题：高度垄断的体制弊端制约了资源开发的市场竞争;缺乏有力、有效的财税扶持政策;缺乏非常规天然气开发的核心技术体系;天然气价格形成机制不合理;管网等基础设施建设滞后。为推动我国非常规天然气的勘探开发,建议建立非常规天然气开发示范区,促进并引导非常规天然气商业开发;加大财税政策支持力度,激励非常规天然气开发;深化体制改革,不断引入竞争机制;加快科技创新,加大科技投入;深化气价改革,不断完善天然气价格形成机制;加强页岩气资源战略调查,促进商业化勘探开发;加强天然气基础设施建设,促进天然气开发利用和市场发展。     

灵活就业人员基本医疗保险预算分析

灵活就业人员整体参加城镇职工基本医疗保险,将增加医疗保险基金支付压力,所以,在保证灵活就业人员基本利益的同时,应将年住院率、次均住院费用调整到一个合理的空间,同时适度调整住院报销比例、统筹基金费率,保证医疗保险基金平衡。     

可持续发展与互联网

“可持续发展”是21世纪的发展指导观,当在可持续发展的具体实施中存在多方面的困难。而作为21世纪领头科技的互连网具有信息储藏量大,形式多样,信息传递速度快等特点,同时互连网又是培育基于互连网的各种技术的基底,这使得互连网及其技术成为确保可持续发展顺利进行的战略基石。本文从经济、社会与资源三个角度入手,详细分析互连网技术对可持续发展的巨大推动作用。