Information Transmission between Mature and Emerging Equity Markets During Normal and Crisis Periods: An Empirical Examination

In this paper, we examine the price discovery and volatility spillovers between eight mature market economies (MMEs) and eight emerging market economies (EMEs) from January 2003 to July 2014, covering three sub-periods—prior to the 2007–09 global financial crisis (GFC), during the crisis, and post-crisis. The results of price discovery indicate that MMEs lead EMEs in the pre-crisis and post-crisis periods. All MMEs are cointegrated with China in the pre-crisis period but not in the post-crisis period. Dynamic cointegration results reconfirm our findings from Johansen’s co-integration test. The asymmetric dynamic conditional correlation (ADCC-GARCH) coefficients suggest a regional pattern among MMEs and EMEs, except in the case of European MMEs with South Africa. Employing BEKK-GARCH model, we find that volatility spillovers of MMEs with China and of Italy with EMEs weakened in the post-crisis period as compared to the pre-crisis period implying that the GFC damaged the information transmission process, particularly for China and Italy. While China is a large economy with strong trade linkages with the rest of the world, Italy is one of the larger European economies which was in relatively greater distress during the EDC. The findings have implications for policy makers and investors.

     

Demand-side factors in optimal land conservation choice

The dominant paradigm of conservation-reserve planning in economics is to optimize the provision of physical conservation benefits given a budget constraint, implicitly assuming the value of biodiversity and ecosystem function is not affected by human proximity to that natural capital. There is evidence, however, that human willingness to pay (WTP) for conservation declines with distance—a phenomenon we call “spatial value decay”. This paper begins a new strand of the conservation planning literature that takes demand-side factors – location of people in the landscape, the degree to which WTP for conservation depends on proximity – into account. We use theoretical models of linear abstract landscapes to explore the impact of demand-side factors on two facets of conservation choices: siting of a single reserve when conservation potential is greatest near a critical site, and siting of multiple reserves when fragmentation reduces physical conservation services produced. Our results show how planners should sometimes employ increased fragmentation to capture value when people's preferences are not very highly localized, and how optimal policy balances proximity to the ecologically critical site with proximity to people. In some scenarios, the payoff to using a reserve design approach that considers demand-side factors is large, but we find that spatial value decay reduces the benefits that can be gained from any conservation-planning approach.     

Legal Treatment of Abuse of Dominance in Indian Competition Law: Adopting an Effects-Based Approach

Review of Industrial Organization - Abuse of dominance investigations around the world are often form-based, primarily centred on the pre-requisite of dominance. This may lead to false positives or...