Industry and time specific deviations from fundamental values in a random coefficient model

The paper analyzes the relationship between stock prices and fundamentals for a large sample of US stocks in the last 10 years using a random coefficient model. Heterogeneity and omitted variable bias are properly taken into account with model coefficients being allowed to vary across time and industries. The random coefficient model allows to track waves of reliance on analysts’ forecasts and nonfundamental stock price components across time and clearly identifies the growth of the nonfundamental component in the long 1991–2000 swing.      

Reflective Action Instructional Design (RAID): A Designer's Aid

In recent years instructional design (ID) models have been a major focus of debate within the design community. The issue of creativity in ID is one area that has given rise to controversy. In this paper I present a topology of design questions and explore their potential contribution as a tool to promote reflection and designer discourse. First, I identify a topology of reflective action instructional design (RAID) questions. Next, I explore RAID within a community of design graduate students and its influences on design practices in terms of utility, originality, social contribution, and interest. Finally, I discuss ways to encourage reflection and designer discourse in design practice.