全文获取类型
收费全文 | 94篇 |
免费 | 0篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 27篇 |
工业经济 | 4篇 |
计划管理 | 15篇 |
经济学 | 19篇 |
综合类 | 1篇 |
贸易经济 | 8篇 |
农业经济 | 2篇 |
经济概况 | 18篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 1篇 |
2020年 | 1篇 |
2019年 | 6篇 |
2017年 | 1篇 |
2016年 | 2篇 |
2015年 | 1篇 |
2014年 | 1篇 |
2013年 | 15篇 |
2012年 | 4篇 |
2011年 | 4篇 |
2010年 | 5篇 |
2009年 | 7篇 |
2008年 | 2篇 |
2007年 | 3篇 |
2006年 | 3篇 |
2005年 | 3篇 |
2004年 | 3篇 |
2003年 | 1篇 |
2001年 | 3篇 |
1999年 | 1篇 |
1998年 | 3篇 |
1997年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 2篇 |
1993年 | 1篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有94条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
Angus W. Laing Alison J. Brown 《International Journal of Nonprofit & Voluntary Sector Marketing》1997,2(4):342-352
This paper examines the process of interaction between consumers and providers of dental services in terms of the key selection and evaluation criteria employed by consumers. Focusing on the United Kingdom, it examines the impact of changes in both pricing and provision on the utilisation and evaluation of dental services. Based on a questionnaire survey of dental patients, in the context of the evolving body of literature concerned with consumer behaviour in respect of services, the paper attempts to improve the current understanding of the key factors shaping consumer choice in respect of professional services. Specifically, it argues that the highly complex nature of professional services impacts on patterns of consumer behaviour, resulting in the relationship between the individual service professional and the consumer being the focus of consumer evaluation. This in turn has significant implications for the effective marketing of such professional services. 相似文献
2.
Angus Deaton 《Economic Systems Research》2003,15(2):135-159
Household surveys are playing an increasingly important role in the measurement of poverty and well-being around the world. The Living Standards Measurement Study, which was begun in the World Bank under the guidance of Graham Pyatt in 1979, has played an important role in this movement. Its surveys are widely used within the Bank to measure consumption-based poverty, and survey data are now the exclusive basis for the global poverty counts. This paper discusses a number of unresolved issues in using consumption-based surveys for measuring well-being, including the choice of a money-metric versus welfare-ratio approach, the collection of suitable price information, the effects of measurement error on estimation, and methods for correcting per capita consumption for the demographic structure of the household. 相似文献
3.
Deaton A 《Oxford economic papers》2012,64(1):1-26
The Great Recession was associated with large changes in income, wealth, and unemployment, changes that affected many lives. Since January 2008, the Gallup Organization has been collecting daily data on 1,000 Americans each day, with a range of self-reported well-being (SWB) questions. I use these data to examine how the recession affected the emotional and evaluative lives of the population, as well as of subgroups within it. In the fall of 2008, around the time of the collapse of Lehman Brothers, and lasting into the spring of 2009, at the bottom of the stock market, Americans reported sharp declines in their life evaluation, sharp increases in worry and stress, and declines in positive affect. By the end of 2010, in spite of continuing high unemployment, these measures had largely recovered, though worry remained higher and life evaluation lower than in January 2008. The SWB measures do a much better job of monitoring short-run levels of anxiety as the crisis unfolded than they do of reflecting the evolution of the economy over a year or two. Even large macroeconomic shocks to income and unemployment can be expected to produce only small and hard to detect effects on SWB measures. SWB, particularly evaluation of life as a whole, is sensitive to question order effects. Asking political questions before the life evaluation question reduces reported life evaluation by an amount that dwarfs the effects of even the worst of the crisis; these order effects persist deep into the interview, and condition the reporting of hedonic experience and of satisfaction with standard of living. Methods for controlling these effects need to be developed and tested if national measures are to be comparable over space and time. 相似文献
4.
Cocoa and coffee are the most important crops in Côted'Ivoire. Until recently, the difference between world and administeredproducer prices provided an important source of government revenue.As a result of a continued decline of world prices of both crops,however, the Ivoirien government was forced to cut producerprices in half. Because 40 percent of Ivoirien households groweither cocoa or coffee, this cut can be expected to have a considerableimpact on the welfare level of these households. We use the1985 Living Standards Measurement Survey to estimate the welfareeffects of producer price changes for Ivoirien households, permittingan evaluation of the probable consequences of the recent pricecut. Using nonparametric econometric techniques, we find that,although many households will suffer losses of income, the cutswill not have adverse distributional effects: cocoa and coffeefarmers are scattered throughout the income distribution, butmost are concentrated in the middle. 相似文献
5.
As recent discussions have made clear, the apparent lack ofpoverty reduction in the face of historically high rates ofeconomic growthboth in the world as a whole and in specificcountries (most notably India)provides fuel for the argumentthat economic growth does little to reduce poverty. How confidentcan we be that the data actually support these inferences? Atthe international level, the regular revision of purchasingpower parity exchange rates plays havoc with the poverty estimates,changing them in ways that have little or nothing to do withthe actual experience of the poor. At the domestic level, theproblems in measuring poverty are important not only for theworld count but also for tracking income poverty within individualcountries. Yet, in many countries, there are large and growingdiscrepancies between the survey datathe source of povertycountsand the national accountsthe source of themeasure of economic growth. Thus economic growth, as measured,has at best a weak relationship with poverty, as measured. 相似文献
6.
Sponsors of defined contribution retirement plans typically limit the investment choices of plan participants to a small number of investment managers and a limited number of investment vehicles. Such restrictions may limit excessive risk-taking by participants but also may preclude opportunities for efficient diversification. Many college and university 403 (b) plans have restricted investment choices to the retirement annuities offered by TIAA-CREF, the current manager of over half of all 403(b) contributions. Using 10 years of historical data, we study the efficiency of this TIAA-CREF opportunity set relative to a larger set that includes several standard index funds. Extrapolations must be interpreted -with caution. Assuming optimal rebalancing, depending on loss aversion and diversification constraints, the historical sample of returns implies that over a 20-year remaining work life, an employee -with an expanded menu that includes standard index funds could gain over 40% in terminal wealth compared to one who is restricted to TIAA-CREF retirement annuities. Even when a naive diversification strategy of equally weighting (1/n) all available funds is used, the expandedmenu outperforms the restricted portfolio by more than 25% over20years. These differences generally are significant at conventional levels based on parametric and nonparametric testing and do not appear to result from idiosyncratic market performance durinz the sample period. 相似文献
7.
Paul C.S. Lian Author Vitae Angus W. Laing Author Vitae 《Industrial Marketing Management》2007,36(6):709-718
There has been a shift from transactional to relational exchange and relationship marketing both in the business to business and professional services contexts. This paper seeks to explore the manner in which personal relationships affect the process and outcomes of purchasing of professional business services. Specifically, it focuses on the role of the professional service providers as boundary spanners in the formation of personal relationships. These personal relationships constitute the underlying basis of long-term relationships between the purchasing and provider organizations in such complex service settings. The findings of this study demonstrate that the manner in which the boundary spanners cultivate relationships support the concept of relationship specific tasks. It extends this conception by use of the data to outline the chronological process over time Understanding the roles, function, and ultimately importance, of these relationships facilitates the identification and development of appropriate strategies to manage these relationships. 相似文献
8.
Abstract This paper applies a model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) developed by Macdonald and Pritchard (2000) to the question of the potential for adverse selection in long-term care (LTC) insurance introduced by the existence of DNA tests for variants of the ApoE gene, the ε4 allele of which is known to predispose one to earlier onset of AD. It computes the expected present values (EPVs) of model LTC benefits with respect to AD for each of five ApoE genotypes, weighted average EPVs with and without adverse selection, and sample underwriting ratings. The paper concludes that adverse selection could increase costs significantly in a small LTC insurance market only if current population genetic risk is not much smaller than that observed in case-based studies, and if carriers of the ε4 allele are very much more likely to buy LTC insurance. Finally, the paper considers the cost of a combined retirement package, providing both pension and LTC insurance, and shows that it can reduce adverse selection. 相似文献
9.
In recent years, household survey data from developing countrieshave increasingly become available and have been increasinglyused to cast light on important questions of policy. The reformof prices, whether agricultural prices, consumer taxes, subsidies,or tariffs, has consequences for individual welfare and forgovernment revenues, and these can be investigated empiricallywith household survey data. The gainers and losers from pricechanges can be identified, and the magnitudes of their gainsand losses measured. Nonparametric estimation techniques providea straightforward and convenient way of displaying this information.The procedure is illustrated for the effects of rice pricingin Thailand using data from more than five thousand rural households.Estimates of the revenue effects of price reforms are harderto obtain, because they require estimates of supply and demandelasticities, estimates that are not easily obtained for manydeveloping countries. A procedure is presented for estimatingprice elasticities of demand from spatial price variation asrecorded in household survey data. The main innovations liein the appropriate treatment of quality variations and measurementerror. Applications of the procedure in Côte d'lvoire,Indonesia, and Morocco are reviewed. 相似文献
10.
There are major methodological and practical problems in comparing the performance of capitalist and communist economies. They have been most carefully analysed for the former Soviet Union, for which there was a huge research input, mainly by the CIA. The CIA effort had considerable merit, particularly in assessing Soviet rates of growth. Unfortunately, it was terminated in 1991, partly because it suffered from unduly harsh criticism, partly because its political relevance waned. However, the CIA archives remain an important source for the study of comparative economic growth. It would be extremely useful if they were opened to scholars, a serious loss if they were destroyed. 相似文献