Racial harassment and job satisfaction in South Africa: the moderating effects of career orientations and managerial rank

Employee job satisfaction is a strong predictor of pivotal individual and organizational outcomes, e.g. commitment, productivity, retention. This study examines the mediating role of workplace racial harassment in the association of employee racioethnicity and job satisfaction in the South African context. Furthermore, this study investigates the moderating effects of career-related variables, i.e. career orientations and managerial rank. Results of a survey of 154 employees in South Africa indicate that black South Africans experience more workplace racial harassment than white employees and thus show lower job satisfaction. Moreover, the detrimental effects of workplace racial harassment on job satisfaction are more pronounced among highly career-oriented individuals and/or among employees with no or low managerial rank. The implications of these findings for theory and practice are discussed.     

Health systems futures: The challenges of technology,prevention and insurance

This article argues that the futures of health systems depend on how countries address three wider challenges that include: (a) the adoption of health innovations and quality improvements, (b) responses to new non-communicable and preventable global diseases, as well as (c) adjusting financial models to current insurance constraints. Future trends point towards an increasing dependence on productive quality improvements, the personalisation of health care and the organisation of delivery and finance to take advantage of existing knowledge. Prevention, and disease avoidance, particularly that of non-communicable diseases, will aim to reduce pressure on “care components” of the health system whilst global control of communicable risks will become apparent. Finally, trends suggest an increase in patient participation and personalisation of insurance contracts will help to realign risk sharing with cost containment and financial sustainability. Other potential challenges such as ageing are regarded as second order issues to be addressed through these aforementioned future trends.