“文化大革命”在日本（1966～1972）——中国革命对日本的冲击和影响

从“文革”发端的1965年到日中恢复邦交的1972年，“文化大革命”的浪潮席卷日本。本文以当时日本综合性杂志的有关中国报道为素材，从日本论坛的“中国论”的变迁过程来探讨“文革”对日本的影响和）中击，同时也回顾了“文革”之火在日本，从学生运动到工人阶级，从“全共斗”到新左翼各派，从学园纷争到个别斗争的阵地战的变迁过程。本文认为，研究“文革”对日本的冲击与影响，不能仅仅将其作为一个时期研究中国的成果总结来认识，还要将其置于战后日本精神史的高度进行深入认识。     

Proactive personality and work performance in China: The moderating effects of emotional exhaustion and perceived safety climate

Grounded in the interactionist paradigm, this study shows that emotional exhaustion and perceived safety climate constitute important moderators of the relationship between proactive personality and work performance. More specifically, the study analyzes the relationship between proactive personality and its behavioural outcomes—organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) and job performance—and investigates the interactive effects of emotional exhaustion and perceived safety climate. The study involves 485 Chinese airline employees including pilots, flight attendants, engineers, and service employees. Proactive personality positively predicted OCB and individual performance. Emotional exhaustion and perceived safety climate moderated the relationship between proactive personality and individual performance both independently and jointly. Implications of the findings for future research are discussed. Copyright © 2009 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Japanese Management Views on Overseas Exchange Listings: Survey Results

Although many theoretical papers support the hypothesis that overseas listings have a positive effect on stockholders' wealth, a few empirical studies cast doubts on this hypothesis. These studies suggest that the steady growth of overseas listings is motivated not only by the stockholders' wealth maximization, but also by other reasons, such as managers' utility maximization. However, information about management views on overseas listings is as yet inadequate to support or contradict this hypothesis. Following Baker and Pettit (1982) and Baker and Johnson (1990), both of which examined management's motives for domestic exchange listing, we used a questionnaire to obtain information on Japanese managers' views of their company's decision to list overseas. Our survey, mailed to the chief financial officers of 2,230 Japanese domestically-listed companies, shows that Japanese managers regard disclosure and financial reporting requirements as the primary obstacle to listing overseas. This is why many Japanese companies do not list their stocks on overseas stock exchanges despite the fact that they acknowledge the beneficial effects of overseas listings.     

How does the entrepreneurial orientation of scientists affect their scientific performance? Evidence from the quadrant model

In order to identify the effect of academic entrepreneurship on science, this work compares the publication performance of entrepreneurial scientists with that of conventional scientists. Using Stokes's ‘quadrant model’, this paper examines how the entrepreneurial orientation affects scientific performance. The results on advanced materials research in Japan found that (i) entrepreneurial scientists publish more papers than conventional scientists do; (ii) the papers of conventional scientists demonstrate better citation performance than those of entrepreneurial scientists do, on average; (iii) coming to the top-cited papers, entrepreneurial scientists show higher propensity for publishing high-impact papers than conventional scientists do; and (iv) the portfolio interdisciplinarity of papers authored by entrepreneurial scientists is higher than that of conventional scientists. Although the influence of academic entrepreneurship on scientific performance is still unclear, our findings suggest that entrepreneurial scientists could make a relatively large contribution to furthering the scientific frontier by relying on innovation rather than convention.     

Price discovery of subordinated credit spreads for Japanese mega-banks: Evidence from bond and credit default swap markets

This paper investigates the determinants and dynamics of subordinated credit spreads for Japanese mega-banks using the bond and credit default swap (CDS) spreads. The main findings are as follows. Subordinated bond and CDS spreads are cointegrated in most cases, and the CDS spread plays a more dominant role in price discovery than the bond spread. In addition, there are significant volatility spillovers from the CDS to bond spread. This information leadership for the CDS spread can largely be explained by stronger reactions of the CDS spread to some financial market variables and bank-specific accounting variables than the bond spread.     

Stock Market Linkages in South–East Asia

The present paper examines the linkages between the South–East Asian stock markets following the opening of the stock markets in the 1990s. No evidence was found to indicate a long–run relationship among the South–East Asian stock markets over the period 1988–1997; however, correlation analyses indicate that the South–East Asian stock markets are becoming more integrated. The results from the time–varying parameter model also show that the stock market returns of Indonesia, the Philippines and Thailand had all become more closely linked with that of Singapore.     

Does the Median Voter or Special Interests Determine State Highway Expenditures? Recent Evidence

Using cross-sectional data from 50 states of the United States and the District of Columbia for two different time periods, this paper examines the degree to which special interests or the median voter determine state highway expenditures. In addition to finding that previous estimates of the determinants of state highway expenditures are robust, we find that that special interests that were important in 1984 were no longer significant nearly 20 years later. Like the previous literature, we conclude that the reduced form median voter model performs well in explaining state highway expenditures.     

The dynamics of continuous innovation in scale-intensive industries

This paper attempts to explain why some industries succeed in dematuring by formulating the generation and utilization of new technologies into a continuous process. By reference to the performance of Japanese scale-intensive industries (i.e. automobile and consumer electronics durables), the analysis provides a theoretical foundation for the proposition that a certain type of positive-sum game played among a variety of market entrants generates specific ‘inter-group dynamics' (hyper-learning process). In this industrial climate the firms’ inclinations towards offensive management and product-cum-process innovation has resulted in the coupling of continuous innovation and industrial evolution.     

Why do Japanese regional banks issue subordinated debts?

This paper empirically investigates the determinants of subordinated debt issuance by Japanese regional banks during the period of 2000–2007 using a probit model. The empirical results suggest the following. (i) Throughout the period, Japanese regional banks with a lower capital ratio tended to have a higher incentive to issue subordinated debts due possibly to their counting as Tier 2 capital under the Basel Accord. (ii) During the period of banking instability (2000–2003), subordinated debt investors tended to use financial variables such as the non-performing loan ratio, ROA, and ROE to screen good banks. (iii) During the period after the banking system regained stability (2004–2007), investors tended to pay less attention to the above variables due chiefly to the mitigated default risk of these banks.