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1.
Three main objectives are pursued in this paper. First, we intend to analyze the aggregation problem of directional distance functions from a constructive viewpoint. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions concerning the structural properties of the production technology and of the nature of groups of firms. Indeed, exact additive aggregation holds for a linear technology and for a direction solely defined in the output space. Second, since these conditions are somewhat restrictive, we are interested in providing a measure for the aggregation bias through the relationship between industrial and structural technical efficiency. Finally, we show that this aggregation bias is a lower bound for industrial allocative efficiency. 相似文献
2.
Benoit Dostie 《Applied economics letters》2018,25(19):1364-1367
In this article, we investigate the presence of possible complementarities between investments in information technology (IT) and firm-sponsored training using economy-wide longitudinal representative workplace-level data. Since information on the firm’s capital stock is often missing in such representative data, we match our workplace records to tax data to construct measures of the firm’s capital stock. We find some evidence of positive complementarities between investments in human capital and IT, suggesting that on-the-job training can also have a positive impact on productivity when complemented with investments in CAD or other technologies. 相似文献
3.
Francois Bergeron Benoit Boyer 《Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences / Revue Canadienne des Sciences de l\u0027Administration》1986,3(2):243-260
Previous researchers could not find empirical support for a relationship between the characteristics of the data-processing charge-back system and the impacts on the organization. The lack of empirical evidence may be caused by a missing variable problem. This paper proposes an intermediary variable: the use of the charge-back system. This research finds an empirical relationship between the characteristics of the system and its use. A pilot study was conducted to investigate the conditions of use of data-processing charge-back systems in organizations. For operations costs, results indicate that the variability of the charges, user's authority over data-processing activities and user involvement in the budgetingprocess are the important factors in explaining the use of a budget report. As for development costs, the quality of the information on the charges and user involvement in the budgeting process are the most important factors. However, the authors wish to caution readers that this is a pilot study with a convenience sample of twenty-five questionnaires collected from seven firms. Résumé Par le passé, les chercheurs n'ont pu établir de support empirique pour la relation existant entre les caractéristiques d'un système informatique d'imputation des coǔts et son impact sur l'entreprise. Le manque de preuves empiriques peut ětre dǔ à un problème de variable manquante. Cette étude propose donc une variable intermédiaire: L'usage du système d'imputation des coǔts. Cette recherche a établi une relation empirique entre les caractéristiques du système et son usage. Une étude pilote a été menée pour étudier les conditions d'utilisation de systèmes informatiques d'imputation des coǔts dans les entreprises. Quant aux frais d'exploitation, les résultats indiquent que la variabilité des imputations, le contrǔle de l'utilisation sur les activités informatiques et le rǒle de l'utilisateur dans l'élaboration du budget constituent des facteurs importants dans la justification d'un rapport budgétaire. Quant aux frais de développement, la qualité des données relatives aux frais et le rǒle de l'utilisateur dans l'élaboration du budget sont les facteurs les plus importants. Les auteurs désirent cependant prévenir les lecteurs qu'il s'agit d'une étude pilote comportant un échantillon de 25 questionnaires recueillis auprès de 7 entreprises. 相似文献
4.
Blarel Benoit; Hazell Peter; Place Frank; Quiggin John 《World Bank Economic Review》1992,6(2):233-254
Farm fragmentation, in which a household operates more thanone separate parcel of land, is a common phenomenon in Sub-SaharanAfrica. Concerned by the perceived costs of fragmented as opposedto consolidated holdings, several countries have implementedland consolidation programs. But these interventions overlookthe benefits that land fragmentation can offer farmers in managingrisk, in overcoming seasonal labor bottlenecks, and in bettermatching soil types with necessary food crops. This articleuses household data from Ghana and Rwanda to discuss the incidenceand causes of fragmentation. It then formally tests the relationbetween fragmentation and land productivity and risk reduction.The conclusion is that consolidation programs are unlikely tolead to significant increases in land productivity and may actuallymake farmers worse off. Policymakers should focus instead onreducing the root causes of fragmentation: inefficiencies inland, labor, credit, and food markets. 相似文献
5.
The Impact of Entrepreneurship Education on Entrepreneurial Attitudes and Intention: Hysteresis and Persistence 下载免费PDF全文
Benoit Gailly 《Journal of Small Business Management》2015,53(1):75-93
Do entrepreneurship education programs (EEPs) really influence participants’ attitudes and intention toward entrepreneurship? How is this influence related to past experience and how does it persist? Researchers and entrepreneurship education stakeholders alike have been looking into this question for quite a while, with a view to validating the efficacy of such programs. The authors of this paper propose to operationalize the concept of entrepreneurial intention and its antecedents in an attempt to address those issues. In particular, we propose an original research design where (1) we measure the initial state and persistence of the impact and not only short‐term effects; (2) we deal with a compulsory program, allowing to avoid self‐selection biases; and (3) we deal with an homogeneous “compact” program rather than programs combining multiple teaching components whose effects cannot be disentangled. Our main research results show that the positive effects of an EEP are all the more marked when previous entrepreneurial exposure has been weak or inexistent. Conversely, for those students who had previously significantly been exposed to entrepreneurship, the results highlight significant countereffects of the EEP on those participants. 相似文献
6.
This paper asks whether firms respond to cost shocks by introducing process innovations and increasing the use of managerial incentives. Using a large panel data set of workplaces in Canada, our identification strategy relies on exogenous variation in costs arising from increased border security along the 49th parallel following 9/11. Our longitudinal difference‐in‐differences estimates indicate that firms responded to the cost shock by introducing new or improved processes, but did not change their use of managerial incentives. These results suggest that the threat of bankruptcy may provide impetus for improving efficiency. 相似文献
7.
Health Insurance, Liquidity and Growth 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Within the context of an endogenous growth model, it is shown that in the presence of health risks which influence household income, the introduction of a private insurance company increases the long-term economic growth rate. The introduction of such an institution has two effects on savings: a level effect and a composition effect. Although the presence of this risk-reducing institution induces a decrease in the level of total savings, as suggested in earlier papers, the rate of illiquid savings, which contribute to growth, increases.
JEL Classification E 1; G 2; O 1; O 4 相似文献
JEL Classification E 1; G 2; O 1; O 4 相似文献
8.
We show that, in settings where meetings can be multilateral, the allocation rule proposed by Mortensen (1982) can be relatively straightforward to implement: as a local auction conducted by sellers. The implications of using this mechanism in a simple model of the labor market are then explored. We characterize the equilibrium properties of this model, which include wage dispersion, and examine its implied Beveridge curve. A dynamic version of the model is calibrated to the US labor market, and we show that the model can account for observed vacancy rates, given parameters that are chosen to match the average wages and the natural rate of unemployment, although the implied wage dispersion is quite small. Finally, in the limit, as the time between offer rounds in the model approaches zero, the equilibrium approaches the Walrasian competitive equilibrium. 相似文献
9.
How much of residual wage dispersion can be explained by an absence of coordination among firms? To answer, we construct a dynamic directed search model with identical workers where firms can create high‐ or low‐productivity jobs and are uncoordinated in their offers to workers, calibrated to the U.S. economy. Workers can exploit ex post opportunities once approached by firms, and can conduct on‐the‐job search. The stationary equilibrium wage distribution is hump‐shaped, skewed significantly to the right, and, with baseline parameters, generates residual dispersion statistics 75–90% of those found empirically. However, the model underestimates the average duration of unemployment. 相似文献
10.