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This article examines the preferences of the general public in Australia regarding health care resource allocation. While previous studies have revealed that the public is willing to give priority to particular groups of patients based on their personal characteristics, the present article goes beyond previous efforts in attempting to explain these results. In the present study, there was strong support among respondents for giving “equal priority” to people regardless of their personal characteristics. However, respondents did reveal a preference for married patients over single, for children over adults, for carers of children and the elderly, sole breadwinners, and good community contributors. Further, they would give a lower priority to those perceived as “self-harmers”—smokers, individuals with unhealthy diets, and those who rarely exercise. Variation in the answers according to broad economic and social beliefs across seven different categories (“factors”) influenced the pattern of the public's attitudes towards rationing. The Principal Components Analysis (PCA) indicated that most of the items in our survey are associated with seven factors that explain or capture much of the variation. These relate to a patient's avoidance of self-harm behaviors (Safe Living), their Life Style (diet, exercise, etc.), their contribution to the community through caring for others (Caring), their talents (Gifted), their sexual behavior (Sexuality), their age and marital status (Family), and whether they are an Australian citizen or employed (Citizen). The strength of social preferences—e.g., how strongly respondents would “discriminate” against a recreational drug user or preference a person with a healthy diet—is related to the particular class of preferences.  相似文献   
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This paper discusses how the introduction of the Banking Recovery and Resolution Directive (BRRD) in European Union legislation may change the retail banking business model, which is the most prevalent model in Southern European countries. The main point is the treatment of deposits in the BRRD. Uninsured deposits may be written down or converted into equity in case of resolution of a bank. This contrasts with the treatment of other short-term liabilities, in particular repurchase agreements. Short maturity repos are excluded from the bail-in, regardless of their size. Also, liabilities related to securities lending and derivatives are given privileged treatment. It is argued that this will be an advantage for wholesale and investment banks, which use these types of short-term funding largely to finance asset purchases. Moreover, it will severely hit retail banking business models of various types by undermining the trust of depositors in the bank, causing bank runs whenever rumours circulate about financial distress situations, thus increasing its cost of funding and lowering the value of its shares. Therefore, to avoid runs on repos, runs on banks are resurging.  相似文献   
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The paper analyses several indicators (political participation, trade union organizations, ecological associations, voluntary and cultural activities) of active citizenship in Italy, focusing on the profiles of the activists in relation to wellbeing and gender differences. A sample of around 49,000 individuals and 19,000 families from the survey “Aspect of daily life”, collected by the Italian National Institute of Statistics in 2010 was used for the analysis. We apply multivariate statistical methods (correspondence analysis, fuzzy clustering, multidimensional scaling and regression models) to describe the sample and detect the predictors of satisfaction and trust in people.  相似文献   
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The missing data problem has been widely addressed in the literature. The traditional methods for handling missing data may be not suited to spatial data, which can exhibit distinctive structures of dependence and/or heterogeneity. As a possible solution to the spatial missing data problem, this paper proposes an approach that combines the Bayesian Interpolation method [Benedetti, R. & Palma, D. (1994) Markov random field-based image subsampling method, Journal of Applied Statistics, 21(5), 495–509] with a multiple imputation procedure. The method is developed in a univariate and a multivariate framework, and its performance is evaluated through an empirical illustration based on data related to labour productivity in European regions.  相似文献   
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Including the quality of life in the economic assessment of health and medical services is well established in the literature and a number of multi‐attribute utility (MAU) instruments are available which purport to measure health state utilities. One of these, the Assessment of Quality of Life (AQoL) instrument was developed in Australia and uses Australian importance weights. The present article discusses some of the methodological problems encountered by existing instruments. It outlines the construction of the AQoL Mark 2 and the methodological innovations which have attempted to overcome some of these problems. Technical and other details may be obtained in Richardson et al. (2003a, 2003b, 2003c) and Peacock et al. (2003). These papers may be accessed from the Health Economics Unit web site at 〈 http://heu.buseco.monash.edu.au 〉.  相似文献   
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This paper investigates the relationship between foreign subsidiary competition and embeddedness in a peripheral area of an advanced country. The study argues that pressure to innovate and unintended private knowledge spillovers compete in explaining the relationship between competition and embeddedness as a result of the tension of information sharing. Such a tension can be relaxed when accounting for subsidiaries’ competence-creating entry motives. Statistical analysis supports this argument. This study contributes to the broad IB field as well as to business network theory and to research on the creation of local linkages by MNEs. Implications for managers and policy-makers are also discussed.  相似文献   
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