企业面向低收入群体的创新模式研究

本文依据"BOP战略"理论,提出企业介入低收入群体市场的创新模式.文中提出两种面向低收入群体的创新模式,并分析了在开展面向低收入群体的创新过程中低收入群体、企业和政府之间的互动机理.     

论多元文化体系下的大学生理想信念教育

随着我国改革开放的不断深入以及经济、文化全球化进程的不断发展,多元文化的存在与影响已经成为了当代中国社会所不可回避的现实。在这种复杂的多元文化思潮渲染下,广大大学生的价值取向、道德观念、理想信念面临着前所未有的新挑战。因此在新形势下,要强化文化认同,弘扬和培育中华民族精神,以"一体多元"为主导,弘扬艰苦奋斗的精神,构建和谐文化环境。     

产业共性技术与关键技术的比较研究——基于北京市科委资助科研项目的统计

本文从北京市科学技术委员会资助的科研项目的调研和统计分析入手,分析了这些科研项目所涉及的产业共性与关键技术的异同点、组织管理和发展过程,探讨了产业共性与关键技术如何促进北京产业的技术创新,分析了政府在产业共性与关键技术发展中的作用,并提出了具体的可操作性政策建议。     

项目管理办公室:概念、发展历程与职能

在综述现有文献的基础上,提出:项目管理办公室不但能给项目经理提供项目管理知识支持,还能给组织高层提供资源配置、战略对应等支持,既体现出操作性角色,还体现出战略性角色;组织内的项目管理办公室有多种类型,其发展变革历程和具体类型选择与组织战略紧密相关,设置目的都是希望通过变革实现收益;项目办公室的5大基本职能是开发、支持、监控、培训和组合。最后以国家应用软件产品质量监督检验中心为例,分析了项目管理办公室在中心的应用及其具体职能。     

创业者的压力、情绪与创业努力——基于体验抽样法的实证研究

利用体验抽样法对78位创业者的压力、情绪和创业努力进行了持续一个月的跟踪调查。在使用多层线性模型分析软件对数据进行分析后发现:创业者感受到的时间压力会促进创业者做出更多努力,而创业者感受到的情境压力会减少创业者的努力;创业者感受到的压力不仅会带来消极情绪,而且会激发其积极情绪;创业者的积极情绪和消极情绪在创业者感受到的压力与创业努力之间存在部分中介作用。     

荷兰和英国的创新平台及其对我国的启示

本文对平台和创新平台的相关理论进行了简要介绍;在此基础上,分析了荷兰和英国的创新平台的功能定位、组织结构、运作模式和资金来源等,据此总结了其对我国技术创新服务平台建设的启示。     

科技型中小企业创新基金效果评估——以中关村地区为例

分析了中关村国家自主创新示范区的494家企业申请科技型中小企业创新基金项目的立项情况及其获得基金前后所获专利数量的变化情况,利用相关数据进行OLS回归分析和PSM检验分析,评价创新基金的实施效果。研究发现:创新基金资助对企业创新成果增长有较显著的促进作用,且企业获得创新基金的时间越长,该促进效果越明显;创新基金支持数额对企业创新成果增长的影响并不显著,说明创新基金资助有助于企业资质的认证,通过释放信号为企业缓解由信息不对称引发的融资困难。     

Partner technological heterogeneity and innovation performance of R&D alliances

This study investigates the impacts of partner technology heterogeneity on innovation performance of alliance firms both in terms of R&D output and the enhancement of partners’ innovation capability. We apply a generalized semi-parametric model on a questionnaire survey result of 413 High and New Technology Enterprises in China. In order to ensure the robustness and practicability of our result, PCA is applied to extract comprehensive information and SiZer analysis is employed to test the linearity and significance of the nonparametric functions in the model. Our results indicate that collaborations between partners with different industry technologies exert inversed U-shaped R&D output pattern and affect very little the innovation ability of focal firms. The impact of industry domain divergence is no longer significant when partner technology heterogeneity is added in the model of analysis. Partner technology heterogeneity leads to an ascending S-shaped R&D output pattern and contributes positively to innovation capabilities. One of the implications of our findings is that when choosing R&D alliance partners, firms are better off avoiding candidates from a different industry domain but opt for potential collaborators who are in the same industry but in the different technical domain, which may facilitate more effective organizational learning. Further, we argue that the reasons behind the S-shaped R&D output pattern led by technology heterogeneity being the co-existence of competition and cooperation between partners where firms collaborate in value-creation by combining diverse resources and compete for acquiring partner’s distinct technology and resources. Therefore, we suggest that, for the sustainability of collaborative innovation outcome, both cooperation and competition amongst alliance partners should be encouraged and well balanced at different stages of joint R&D projects.     

How entrepreneurs leverage institutional intermediaries in emerging economies to acquire public resources

Research summary: Governments in emerging economies often use institutional intermediaries to promote entrepreneurship, and bridge the void between ventures and public funding. While prior literature describes what institutional intermediaries do, it leaves open how intermediaries support different types of entrepreneurs. By comparing science park and non‐science park firms in Beijing and across China, we distinguish which entrepreneurs benefit from certification versus capability‐building through the introduction of two new constructs: skill adequacy and context relevance. Broadly, our study adds insights at the nexus of emerging economies and entrepreneurship research, and to the tie formation and institutional intermediaries literatures. Managerial summary: A key dilemma facing entrepreneurs is how to finance their ventures. While entrepreneurs in developed economies can seek VC or angel investment, entrepreneurs in emerging economies often need to pursue potential government funding opportunities. Our study highlights three strategies for acquiring government funding. Well‐connected entrepreneurs can leverage their political ties to acquire such funding. Less‐connected entrepreneurs can leverage science parks that in emerging markets are designed to help governments to identify promising ventures. For returnees whose ample experience abroad may not fit with local ways of doing business, gaining science park admission can certify quality and so ease the path to government funding. For technically skilled local entrepreneurs who lack business skills, science parks can help build such skills, which then ease the path to government funding. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国钢铁业技术创新机制演变与产业共性技术创新

20世纪90年代以来,中国钢铁业规模迅速扩张,技术水平显著提高。随着产业的发展,中国钢铁业的技术创新机制也从政府主导、行业研究机构研发、企业推广应用的模式转向以企业为主体的产学研合作模式。其中,国家经济体制、政治体制、科研体制改革的制度背景,行业规模扩张和结构变化对企业创新投入激励的增强作用,以及钢铁业技术体制自身的特点,是引起这种变化的关键因素。以市场化模式在全球范围内参与技术创新合作,正成为中国钢铁业共性技术创新的新特点,同时,这种模式也带来了重复引进或创新投入效率低下的问题。为了保持产业的持续发展,中国钢铁业还需要解决许多共性技术组织管理与政府作用的问题,如何创新产业共性技术供给和扩散机制,是需要进一步探索的问题。