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排序方式: 共有376条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Ian Barclay 《R&D Management》1992,22(4):307-318
This paper describes work on evaluating and improving the New Product Development Process (NPDP). The relevant results of a survey of current practice in NPDP within 149 companies are presented. The development and experimental application, within a commercial company, of a methodology for evaluating and improving the NPDP is also described. 相似文献
2.
Kathleen Cannings 《Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal》1992,5(3):261-272
The purpose of this article is to use Albert Hirschman's Exit, Voice, and Loyalty framework to analyze the extent to which corporate employees are merely attached to the firm rather than committed. A model of managerial loyalty is developed where loyalty is defined as the percentage pay increase that an employee would require to leave the current firm for alternative employment. Independent variables in the model include barriers to exit and voice. This model was tested on three data sets from North American airlines. This model received empirical support during a stable environment but was not strongly supported during a more turbulent environment. Implications of the results are discussed. 相似文献
3.
4.
Assessing Voluntary Programs to Improve Environmental Quality 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
The last decade has seen a dramatic increase in the use of voluntaryapproaches (VAs) to environmental protection, which has
spurned agrowing literature on the relative merits of voluntary vs. mandatoryapproaches. This paper draws on that literature
to discuss both thetheoretical and empirical issues that arise in the evaluation orassessment of a particular VA. We consider
both the environmentaleffectiveness and the efficiency of this policy approach. Our aim is toaid policymakers in evaluating
a specific program or in thinking aboutthe use and design of a VA. We identify some key features that arelikely to increase
both the effectiveness and the efficiency of VAs. 相似文献
5.
This paper addresses the issue of hospital bed capacity by considering the stochastic demand for United States hospitals. An equilibrium condition for the optimal number of "excess" beds is derived and applied using a cost function estimated with a panel data model for the period 1987-1992. Results indicate that it may be difficult to justify the costliness of existing levels of empty hospital beds. The Department of Justice and the Federal Trade Commission should be cognizant of the potential effects of hospital mergers on undesirable excess bed capacity. 相似文献
6.
Measuring market response to regulation of the cable TV industry 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
During the 1988–1990 period, the cable television industry was subject to a number of regulatory events. These centered on possible reregulation of rates for basic service and reduction of entry barriers for potential competitors. Using the event study methodology on a portfolio of cable firms, we find evidence that news of no reregulation caused significant positive abnormal returns. News of reregulation caused insignificant negative abnormal returns. These findings provide some support for the traditional consumer protection theory of regulation. News related to entry barriers generally had no significant effect on returns, which suggests that elements of natural monopoly may exist in the industry. 相似文献
7.
Pat Barclay 《Experimental Economics》2006,9(2):181-182
Recent studies in experimental economics have shown that many people have other-regarding preferences, potentially including
preferences for altruism, reciprocity, and fairness. It is useful to investigate why people possess such preferences and what
functional purpose they might serve outside the laboratory, because evolutionary and social learning perspectives both predict
that cooperative sentiments should only exist if they bring benefits that outweigh the costs of other-regarding behavior.
Theories of costly signaling suggest that altruistic acts may function (with or without intention) as signals of unobservable
qualities such as resources or cooperative intent, and altruists may benefit (possibly unintentionally) from the advertisement
of such qualities. After reviewing the theories that could potentially account for the evolution of altruism (Chapter 1),
I test some predictions about cooperation derived from costly signaling theory. In Chapter 2, I show that participants in
experimental public goods games were more cooperative when they had cues that they could benefit from having a good reputation,
and that there was apparently some competition to be the most generous group member. Furthermore, in subsequent trust games,
people tended to trust high public goods contributors more than low contributors. Chapter 3 failed to find evidence that granting
high status to people makes them more likely to contribute to public goods or punish free-riders, but there was suggestive
evidence that physical proximity to the experimenter affected contributions and punishment. In Chapter 4, I found that people
tended to trust others who were willing to incur costs to punish those who free-ride on group cooperation provided that such
punishment was justified, and men were more punitive than women. In Chapter 5, I show that women find altruistic men more
desirable than neutral men for long-term relationships. Together, these results suggest that humans do treat altruism as a
signal of willingness to be cooperative. These findings are discussed with respect to the adaptive design of cooperative sentiments
as well as the current debate over group selection.
Dissertation: Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontarion
Currently: Post-Doc, Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Cornell University 相似文献
8.
The 1978 Public Utility Regulatory Policy Act (PURPA) fostered decentralized generation of electricity, particularly in the form of cogeneration. A model of a firms' decision to cogenerate is developed that illustrates both the interface between the firm and an electric utility, and the firm's internal interface between its primary product and cogeneration technologies. The model is used to show that the firm may operate inefficiently in both the short run and long run owing to the fixed-proportions technology of cogeneration and PURPA mandated operating procedures, respectively. Cogenerating firms that dump heat into the atmosphere may signal inefficient behavior; therefore, monitoring heat dumping may be important in measuring the success of cogeneration. 相似文献
9.
This study examines the effect of the state of the international reinsurance market on the demand for reinsurance by U.S. insurers using data from the years 1993 through 2000. Both the overall demand for reinsurance and the utilization of foreign reinsurance by U.S. insurers are explored. In addition to supporting the findings of prior literature related to the traditional motives for the corporate demand for insurance, evidence indicates that the state of the U.S. reinsurance industry impacts the amount of reinsurance demanded by U.S. insurers. The study also investigates reasons why U.S. insurers utilize a reinsurance program composed of both U.S. and foreign reinsurers. The results indicate that the decision to utilize some percentage of foreign reinsurance is driven primarily by the financial and operational characteristics of the ceding company such as firm size, group affiliation, and organizational form. However, no support is found for the hypothesis that possible differences between the foreign and U.S. reinsurance markets impact the decision to utilize foreign reinsurance. 相似文献
10.
We recently introduced a research program on how firms can effectively capture fleeting opportunities using heuristics. Heuristics, we advocate, are the essence of strategy, especially in unpredictable markets where opportunities are often numerous, fast moving, and uncertain. Our emphasis on heuristics invites comparison with prominent research programs in cognitive psychology. We address this opportunity by comparing our “simple rules” heuristics approach with “heuristics‐and‐biases” and “fast‐and‐frugal” heuristics research. Collectively, the three approaches offer a rich understanding of heuristics. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献