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1.
Keisuke Okada 《Economic Systems》2018,42(2):307-319
This study investigates how political regimes affect health conditions such as infant and child mortality rates and life expectancy using data from 180 countries observed between 1960 and 2013. Panel quantile regression is used to examine the effects at different intervals throughout the distribution of health outcomes. The estimation results indicate that democracy has significant positive effects on health outcomes and that its impacts are greater when health outcomes are worse. These results are robust to different democracy and health indices. The effects of different types of democracies and dictatorships are also considered, that is parliamentary, mixed (semi-presidential) and presidential democracies, and civilian, military and royal dictatorships. The parliamentary form of democracy has the largest positive impact on health outcomes at the worst quantile of health outcomes, although the difference in the impacts of the three types of democracies is not necessarily large. Furthermore, all types of dictatorships have a negative impact on health outcomes, with military dictatorship having the worst outcome when health outcomes are worse. Finally, the effects of democratization on health outcomes are significantly positive when the health outcomes are worse. 相似文献
2.
This paper develops some applications of asymptotic statistical decision theory in econometrics, focusing on settings where the data are organized into groups or cells with heterogeneous parameters. Even if the groups are of different sizes, local asymptotic normality holds under suitable regularity conditions, and this can greatly simplify analysis of different types of econometric problems. We apply these results to the analysis of treatment assignment rules, and to estimators of cell‐specific parameters that employ shrinkage towards parametric models. 相似文献
3.
We examine the effect of M&As conducted by U.S. and Chinese bidders (US‐Japan and China‐Japan M&As) on the stock prices of Japanese targets. We find that both types of M&As tend to increase the stock prices of the Japanese targets and that market reactions are significantly greater for US‐Japan M&As than for China‐Japan M&As. Additionally, capital participation produces greater market reactions to China‐Japan M&As than other structures, while acquisition produces this effect in US‐Japan M&As. Our results are consistent with previous research indicating that market reactions increase for bidders operating in a developed country with high‐quality institutions and corporate governance. (JEL G32, G34) 相似文献
4.
This article empirically investigates the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) for CO2 emissions in the cases of 11 OECD countries by taking into account the role of nuclear energy in electricity production. The autoregressive distributed lag approach to cointegration is employed as the estimation method. Our results indicate that energy consumption has a positive impact on CO2 emissions in most countries in the study. However, the impact of trade is not statistically significant. The results provide evidence for the role of nuclear power in reducing CO2 emissions only in some countries. Additionally, although the estimated long-run coefficients of income and its square satisfy the EKC hypothesis in Finland, Japan, Korea and Spain, only Finland's EKC turning point is inside the sample period of the study, providing poor evidence in support of the EKC hypothesis. 相似文献
5.
The present study estimates the causal effect of a process of political change, namely, a recent constitutional referendum, on economic growth in Myanmar. To analyze the impact of this process, this study compares the trajectories of actual and counterfactual GDP per capita after the referendum using the synthetic control method. We calculate the counterfactual GDP per capita using country‐level panel data from 2002 to 2013, with Myanmar as the treated country and a set of developing countries in East and South Asia, the Pacific and sub‐Saharan Africa as the control group. The results of the synthetic analysis suggest that the recent process of political change in Myanmar had a positive and significant effect on GDP per capita but not on per capita foreign direct investment or trade. 相似文献
6.
This study examines the impacts of oil rents on corruption for 157 countries. While existing studies have primarily focused on average effects, we employ quantile regression to estimate the effects of natural resource abundance for different corruption levels. We consider the effects of natural resource rents, mainly oil rents and then compare them with those of total and non-oil natural resources rents. The estimation results show that, generally, more oil rents increase corruption. Specifically, impacts are larger in countries with an intermediate level of corruption and smaller in highly corrupt countries. While total resource rents increase corruption significantly, non-oil resource rents do not. This may be due to non-oil resource rent management (mainly inland) being more subject to public scrutiny. Non-oil natural resources are concentrated in the less-developed sub-Saharan African countries, where corruption is prevalent; therefore, the impacts of natural resource rents are unremarkable. 相似文献
7.
Keisuke Hattori 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2010,46(4):459-474
In this paper, we construct a political-economy model of strategic environmental policymaking with different degrees of product
differentiation and different market structures, and examine how strategic voting decisions are affected by the choice of
environmental policy instruments (tax or standard). We show that in a Cournot market structure, voters elect tax-setting policymakers
who are more green than themselves when product differentiation and/or environmental externalities are more prominent. In
a Bertrand market structure, they elect more green tax-setting policymakers than themselves. On the other hand, they elect
standard-setting policymakers who are less green than themselves. The results confirm the advantage of the overall use of
emission tax over that of emission standard regarding the welfare effect of strategic voting. 相似文献
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9.
Fumiya Nagashima Shigemi Kagawa Sangwon Suh Keisuke Nansai Daniel Moran 《Economic Systems Research》2017,29(1):105-123
Total mortality attributable to PM2.5 is highest in the Asian domain, estimated as 2.3 million deaths annually. We apply consumption-based accounting to identify the key sectors responsible for primary carbonaceous PM2.5 mortality. The study combines an input–output model with an atmospheric transport model and fully links consumer demand to final pollutant fate and health impact. We find the following: (1) considering atmospheric transport changes the distribution of demand-induced impact as compared to conventional emissions footprinting, (2) the supply chain paths with the greatest impact on PM2.5-induced human health problems in the region are centered around agricultural technologies in China, and (3) the transportation sector of China plays a major role in the supply chain paths that generate relatively large impacts on human health. We conclude that Japan is responsible for PM2.5 mortality in Asia and should take leadership in changing key high-priority technologies and critical supply chain paths into greener ones. 相似文献
10.
Daisuke Nishijima Shigemi Kagawa Keisuke Nansai Masahiro Oguchi 《Applied economics》2019,51(41):4551-4563
This study combined a dynamic discrete choice model for air conditioner replacement decisions with an inter-industry model in order to evaluate the economic impact of Japan’s Home Appliance Eco-Point Program, an appliance replacement program that was in effect from May 2009 to March 2011. Focusing on air conditioners produced from 1995 to 1999 and replaced during the period from 2005 to 2013, we found that the eco-point program increased replacement probabilities by 1.5% to 1.9% in 2009. Moreover, the program produced an additional output of 31,337 million yen and a total value added of 21,259 million yen. However, the benefit–cost ratio – determined by dividing the increase in value added by the monetary value of the points awarded for appliance replacement – was only 0.68. From a cost-benefit perspective, the program can be judged not to have been an effective policy measure. 相似文献