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排序方式: 共有236条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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The Productivity of US States since 1880 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study uses state-level variation in labor productivity levels at twenty-year intervals between 1880 and 1980 to examine the relative importance of institutional and geographical influences in explaining observed and persistent differences in standards of living over time and across regions. Focusing on fundamental rather than proximate influences, we find that both institutional characteristics and some physical geography characteristics account for a high proportion of the differences in state productivity levels: states with navigable waterways, a large minerals endowment, and no slaves in 1860, on average, had higher labor productivity levels throughout the sample period. However, we find little support for two other influences that have previously received attention—climate and latitude. 相似文献
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Jacobs JJ 《Medical economics》1994,71(2):100-2, 107-8, 110
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The Impact of Land-Use Change on Ecosystem Services,Biodiversity and Returns to Landowners: A Case Study in the State of Minnesota 总被引:13,自引:1,他引:12
Stephen Polasky Erik Nelson Derric Pennington Kris A. Johnson 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2011,48(2):219-242
Land-use change has a significant impact on the world’s ecosystems. Changes in the extent and composition of forests, grasslands,
wetlands and other ecosystems have large impacts on the provision of ecosystem services, biodiversity conservation and returns
to landowners. While the change in private returns to landowners due to land-use change can often be measured, changes in
the supply and value of ecosystem services and the provision of biodiversity conservation have been harder to quantify. In
this paper we use a spatially explicit integrated modeling tool (InVEST) to quantify the changes in ecosystem services, habitat
for biodiversity, and returns to landowners from land-use change in Minnesota from 1992 to 2001. We evaluate the impact of
actual land-use change and a suite of alternative land-use change scenarios. We find a lack of concordance in the ranking
of baseline and alternative land-use scenarios in terms of generation of private returns to landowners and net social benefits
(private returns plus ecosystem service value). Returns to landowners are highest in a scenario with large-scale agricultural
expansion. This scenario, however, generated the lowest net social benefits across all scenarios considered because of large
losses in stored carbon and negative impacts on water quality. Further, this scenario resulted in the largest decline in habitat
quality for general terrestrial biodiversity and forest songbirds. Our results illustrate the importance of taking ecosystem
services into account in land-use and land-management decision-making and linking such decisions to incentives that accurately
reflect social returns. 相似文献
6.
Kenneth L. Cashdollar Eric S. Weiss Nevin B. Greninger Kris Chatrathi 《Process Safety Progress》1992,11(4):247-255
This paper describes dust explosibility research in full-scale experimental mines and a 20-L laboratory chamber at the U.S. Bureau of Mines and in a 1-m3 laboratory chamber at Fike Corporation. The purpose of this research is to improve safety in mining and other industries that manufacture, process, or use combustible dusts. As part of this work, carbonaceous dusts with a wide range of volatilities and various particle size distributions were studied. Laboratory data on the minimum explosible concentrations of predispersed dusts were comparable to mine data for nominal dust loadings that were dispersed by the aerodynamic disturbance from a gas ignition zone. Recommendations are given on the limitations of small-scale testing such as “overdriving” by too strong of an ignitor. The effect of dust particle size on explosibility data is illustrated for coal and aluminum dusts. For both dusts, the finest sizes were the most hazardous. The inerting requirements for preventing explosions were also measured in both laboratory and large-scale systems. All the data show relatively good agreement between the laboratory and the large-scale tests. 相似文献
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An operational upset caused by a diapharagm failure in the high pressure casting of the synthesis gas compressor resulted in major pressure/flow surges in the synthesis loop. 相似文献
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Jane M. Jacobs Loretta Lees 《International journal of urban and regional research》2013,37(5):1559-1583
This article traces the movement of the concept of ‘defensible space’ from New York City in the 1970s, where it was developed by the Canadian architect/planner Oscar Newman, to London in the 1980s and into design interventions in British public housing in the 1990s, through British geographer Alice Coleman, who acted as an especially powerful transfer agent. In focusing on this urban design ‘concept’ on the move we contribute to existing scholarship on policy mobility and city building in a number of ways. First, we explore an instance of the movement/mobility of a planning concept in a historical period (the recent past) largely overlooked to date. Secondly, we demonstrate that this movement was the result of a disaggregated series of expert knowledge transfers and localized translations of pre‐policy expert knowledge, generated through university‐based research work and networks. We theorize this instance of urban planning mobility by way of the interlinked insights offered by the sociology of science and policy‐mobilities literatures. As this is an instance of university research shaping public policy it also offers an opportunity to reflect upon the meaning of ‘evidence‐based policy’ and the impact agenda in contemporary higher education. 相似文献
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Kris Jacobs 《Journal of Monetary Economics》2007,54(7):2131-2138
We use panel data to estimate nonlinear Euler equations for preferences that are nonseparable in consumption and leisure. This approach departs from existing panel data studies that investigate linearizations and/or separable preferences. Intuitively plausible estimates are obtained only when excluding nonassetholders from the sample, which indicates the importance of asset market participation. For market participants, estimated parameter values are intuitively appealing, but differ from existing estimates. They also differ from parameter values commonly used in computational experiments. These findings have implications for the extensive literature in macroeconomics and finance that studies models of intertemporal decision-making, and they confirm the importance of market incompleteness. 相似文献