The role of the Dutch trade union movement in consumer policy. A note spurred by Tonner's article in JCP, 3, 1979/3 + 4

In this note, the activities and goals of the Dutch consumer organization Konsumenten Kontakt are described. The organization has close links with the trade union movement. The author argues that although there are sometimes conflicts of interest between consumers and employees, these conflicts are better solved within an organization where both worker and consumer viewpoints are represented. Another strong argument for the trade unions being active in the consumer policy area is that the trade unions are the only organizations capable of organizing that part of the public which is in particular need of consumer protection.

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Die Rolle der niederländischen Gewerkschaften in der Verbraucherpolitik

Zusammenfassung Seit Beginn der Konsumentenbewegung in den Niederlanden arbeiten die Gewerkschaften aktiv in der Verbraucherorganisation Konsumenten Kontakt mit. Entsprechend sehen die niederländischen Gewerkschaften ihre Aufgaben nicht nur im Bereich der Einkommens- und Verteilungspolitik, sondern auch in der Stärkung der Haushaltsmitglieder in ihrer Verbraucherrolle.Häufig wird argumentiert, die Interessenkonflikte zwischen Arbeitnehmern und Verbrauchern schlössen eine Interessenvertretung durch ein und dieselbe Organisation aus. Dieser Meinung tritt der Autor mit folgenden Argumenten entgegen. Zum einen handele es sich bei dem Interessenkonflikt zwischen Arbeitnehmern und Verbrauchern um intrapersonelle Konflikte, die bereits jeder einzelne nach seinen eigenen Gesichtspunkten lösen muß. Deshalb sei ein möglichst breiter organisatorischer Rahmen am besten geeignet, die verschiedenen gesellschaftlichen Interessen miteinander zu verbinden. Zum zweiten könne die Einbeziehung von gewerkschaftlichen Gesichtspunkten mit verhindern helfen, daß sich Verbraucherpolitik allzu eng nach dem Konsumenteninteresse richtet und dabei wichtige andere, beispielsweise Umwelt-Gesichtspunkte, außer acht läßt. Schließlich könnten die Gewerkschaften auch besser die weniger gebildeten Schichten der Bevölkerung repräsentieren, denen die Bemühungen der Verbraucherbewegung ganz besonders gelten müßten, die sie aber nach den bisherigen Erfahrungen aus verschiedenen Ländern kaum erreichen kann.Schließlich wird an einigen Beispielen gezeigt, wie das Verbraucherinteresse mit dem gewerkschaftlichen Interesse in Einklang gebracht worden ist oder gebracht werden kann.

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Loes Dommering-van Rongen is a lawyer with Stichting Konsumenten Kontakt. Her address: Delistraat 34, s'Gravenhage, The Netherlands.     

The path of least resistance: Regulatory resource depletion and the effectiveness of social influence techniques

Two experiments examine the role of regulatory resource depletion in the effectiveness of social influence techniques aimed at inducing consumer compliance. They test the two-step hypothesis that a) responding to the initial request stage of an influence technique requires self-control, thereby depleting one's limited resource of self-regulatory energy, and b) a state of regulatory resource depletion fosters the use of heuristics present in the persuasion context, which increases the odds of compliance with the target request of an influence technique. A first field experiment shows that yielding to initial requests (answering a series of questions) induces resource depletion. Experiment 2 demonstrates that a lower level of self-regulatory resources increases the extent of compliance with a request through the employment of the heuristic principle of authority. Together these results provide support for the prediction that regulatory resource depletion is important in explaining the effectiveness of social influence techniques.     

Integrating agroecology and sustainable tourism: applying geodesign to farm management in Aotearoa New Zealand

Abstract

In Aotearoa New Zealand, Māori land is frequently owned by local communities and managed by trusts. For such arrangements on rural holdings, land managers often wish both to provide for their communities and implement agricultural management practices in a culturally responsive manner. Agroecology offers an alternative model of land management and provides opportunities for the development of visitor programmes to learn about and observe traditional practices. This paper reports on the integration of agroecology and tourism on a working farm in Te Wai Pounamu South Island, Aotearoa New Zealand. The programme successfully applied spatial analysis in a geographical information system (GIS) within an iterative geodesign framework to plan a route for visitor access across the farm, with suitable areas identified for information platforms located strategically along the way. These agritourism related features were visually communicated through maps generated by the GIS. Such visualisation makes the possible consequences of change more accessible and understandable to decision makers. As well as satisfying the need to verify the approach empirically, there are plans underway to apply GIS in this way to other similarly managed farms in Aotearoa New Zealand.

• Highlights:

• Iterative geodesign approach used to evolve sites for access paths and information platforms

• Approach is of public interest, hence the need for planning farm access facilities for tourists

• Agroecology-based plan for managing a traditionally run farm in Aotearoa New Zealand

• Local cultural values addressed by GIS for positive environmental and economic impact

     

Dovish and Hawkish Influence in Distributive and Integrative Negotiations: The Role of (A)symmetry in Constituencies

Group Decision and Negotiation - Dovish and hawkish constituency pressures influence representative negotiations. Dovish constituency voices promote a collaborative and problem-solving approach,...