Limits to community participation in the tourism development process in developing countries

This study deals with a normative concept of participatory development approach, which originates in the developed world. In particular, it analyses and explains the limitations to the participatory tourism development approach in the context of developing countries. It was found that there are operational, structural and cultural limits to community participation in the TDP in many developing countries although they do not equally exist in every tourist destination. Moreover, while these limits tend to exhibit higher intensity and greater persistence in the developing world than in the developed world, they appear to be a reflection of prevailing socio-political, economic and cultural structure in many developing countries. On the other hand, it was also found that although these limitations may vary over time according to types, scale and levels of tourism development, the market served, and cultural attributes of local communities, forms and scale of tourism developed are beyond the control of local communities. It concludes that formulating and implementing the participatory tourism development approach requires a total change in socio-political, legal, administrative and economic structure of many developing countries, for which hard political choices and logical decisions based on cumbersome social, economic and environmental trade-offs are sine qua non alongside deliberate help, collaboration and co-operation of major international donor agencies, NGOs, international tour operators and multinational companies.     

Bank generic strategies: does Porter's theory apply in an international banking center

This study examines banks' competitive strategies and their relationship with performance in a highly internationalized banking center, Hong Kong. The factor analysis results have, by and large, provided support to Porter's three strategy typology. Nevertheless, the empirical findings from the cluster analysis and the subsequent inter-group comparison of performances have cast doubt on Porter's stuck-in-the-middle proposition by demonstrating that banks adopting a multi-strategic approach did outperform other strategically monotonous rivals. While the stuck-in-the-middle proposition is grounded in the premise of inherent inconsistencies for pursuing more than one generic strategy simultaneously, the resource-based view and the present empirical findings hint at the feasibility for well-resourced banks to combine apparently incompatible value creating activities in a synergistic way to achieve integrated flexibility and consequently, a sustainable multi-strategic position. It is suggested that this feasibility very much depends on a bank's organizing and coordinating capabilities that are developed and refined through managerial commitment, learning and experience, as well as a careful assessment of various organizational activities and its inter-relationships within the entire business system.     

Future Remains Bleak

Chinese government has recently introduced more flexible policies on foreign investment,which can help to partially restore the development of foreign inflows in China but can hardly resume its previous growth speed.Bian Weihong,a senior analyst from the Institute of International Finance of the Bank of China,believed that,given the current conditions,the situation for foreign investment absorption in the second half of the year will still stay complicated.Bian also pointed out that in the previous phase,as the European debt crisis stops deteriorating and the U.S.     

Methodological issues in comparing injury incidence across countries

The primary objective was to describe the methodological challenges and devise solutions to compare injury incidence across countries. The research design was a mixed methods study, consisting of a consultation with an expert group and comparison of injury surveillance systems and data from ten European countries. A subset of fractures, selected radiologically verifiable fractures and a method of checking the national representativeness of sample emergency department data were devised and are proposed for further development. These methodological considerations and developments will be further refined and tested and should prove useful tools for those who need to compare injury incidence data across countries.     

基于人工神经网络的敏捷制造业盟员的选择与评价

根据敏捷制造业的特点,提出盟员评价的指标体系,并对指标进行量化。根据所涉及的指标体系的特点,采用人工神经网络方法来评价盟员,并用MATLAB实现。     

Bottlenecks in the promotion of IUD usage among rural women: insights from evaluation studies conducted in Northern Karnataka

"This paper explores the reasons for the not-so-impressive performance of [the] IUD in Northern Karnataka, and more generally that of non-terminal methods of family planning in India." Methods are proposed for improving acceptance rates and length-of-use times.     

实现适度生育水平积极应对人口老龄化

人口是国家最重要的国情,人口均衡发展是中国中长期经济社会行稳致远的"基本盘".在对"十四五"规划纲要"实施积极应对人口老龄化国家战略"进行全面解读的基础上,文章认为生育相关政策将从限制性、处罚性、管制导向的政策体系转向激励生育、便利生育、服务生育、更具包容性的全面生育支持导向.对完善生育支持体系提出建议:放开生育限制,营造良好的包容性生育养育环境;降低生养子女相关的医疗、住房和教育成本,减轻家庭生育养育教育负担;帮助育龄人群平衡工作与家庭,积极构建生育友好型社会;探索创新老幼同乐的代际互助模式,实现代际和谐共赢;重视迁移人口的婚姻生育,有效缓解家庭分离导致的婚姻家庭生活困境.     

为老服务产业政策研究：来自上海,北京的分析报告

本报告主要利用课题组对上海、北京两地的实地调查材料 ,分析了人口老龄化形势下发展为老服务产业的意义、为老服务产业发展现状和特征及有关的政策措施 ,指出了为老服务产业发展中存在的问题和原因 ,提出了进一步发展为老服务产业的政策建议。报告较为系统地研究了为老服务产业政策 ,并运用典型调查资料分析得出了相应的结论     

Change of Foreign Capital Distribution

Rising labor cost A responsible person at an American-funded electronic company in Suzhou shared with the reporters that the current rising speed and magnitude of Chinas labor costs would have been unimaginable three years ago.The escalating costs and the high turnover rate it triggers have brought huge pressures on the operation of foreign-funded companies in China.But he also mentioned that the company he worked for will not exit from China in the short run,because the Chinese market still outperforms those at the Southeastern countries in terms of infrastructural facility and quality of human resources,although the labor costs of the latter may be lower.But if the rise of labor costs continues,they would consider moving the factories to other regions.Another Japanese-funded car company in Zhejiang also said that it will place more focus on the R&D and design at the Chinese market,and move the component R&D center to China.