价值工程──用户的思考─—海军电信系统的现代化改造

价值工程──用户的思考─—海军电信系统的现代化改造［美］Ｖ·Ｐ·Ｂａｒａ海军岸基电信系统（ＮＴＳ）是一种老式的、不可靠的世弄范围内使用的复杂的通信系统和装置。在开始规划该系统进行现代化改造时，把系统划分成９个基本单元，根据地理位置又将每一个单元划分为...     

Means of livelihood of city populations: a livelihood classification of the cities in India

Indian censuses provide useful data on livelihood. These data give a picture of the distribution of population deriving their living from different economic activities. According to the 1951 census, 73 cities in the country had a population over 1 lakh. These cities were, more or less, evenly distributed in the different States of the Union. Of the populations in these cities combined, nearly 40% derived its livelihood from the services and miscellaneous sources, approximately 1/4 from production other than cultivation, 1/4 from commerce, and the remaining few from transport and agriculture. These averages were fairly similar for large and small cities. Of the 32 largest cities which showed predominance of their population in 1 or more livelihood, there were about 10 in industrial-manufacturing, 6 in commerce, 9 in transport, and 10 in services. 2 of the 3 port cities, Bombay and Madras, were broad-based in employment while Calcutta was predominant in commerce. There was little uniformity in the livelihood patterns of capital cities.     

End-of-life care in nursing homes: the high cost of staff turnover

Nursing home staff turnover results in high cost--both economic and personal--and has a negative impact on the quality of care provided to residents at the end of life. Reducing staff turnover in nursing homes would benefit both the cost to the U.S. health care system, and, most importantly, the care residents receive in the vulnerable period leading to death. There is rising pressure on nursing homes to improve their palliative and end-of-life care practices and reduce transfers to hospital for situations and conditions that can be safely managed on site. Nursing care staff deserve an investment in the specific training necessary for them to give the highest quality care to dying residents. This training should be multifaceted and include the physiological, psychological, spiritual, interpersonal, and cultural (including ethnic) aspects of dying. Empowerment with these necessary knowledge, skills, and attitudes will not only result in better care for residents but likely also will reduce the burnout and frustration staff experience in caring for residents near death.     

对强化和创新企业经济管理的思考

作为经济管理体系中的重要组成部分，企业的经济管理与企业的长期发展和成本控制有着密切的关系。在当前的新形势下，企业面对激烈的市场竞争，必须不断地强化和创新企业经济管理，并且在人力资源管理和营销渠道方面投入足够的重视，强化自身的市场竞争力。本文首先说明了企业经营管理的意义，其次结合工作经验和调查情况说明了企业经营管理所遇到的问题，最后说明了创新和强化企业经营管理的相关措施，希望可以为广大企业的领导人员提供一个参考。     

大体积混凝土施工温控

大体积混凝土的施工,温度控制是一大难点.通过分析温度应力产生的原因,可以从材料及施工方法上进行温控.     

Strategy and the art of reinventing value

In "From Value Chain to Value Constellation: Designing Interactive Strategy" (July-August 1993), Richard Normann and Rafael Ramírez argue that successful companies increasingly do not just add value, they reinvent it. The key strategic task is to reconfigure roles and relationships among a constellation of actors--suppliers, business partners, customers--in order to mobilize the creation of value in new forms and by new players. What is so different about this new logic of value? It breaks down the distinction between products and services and combines them into activity-based "offerings" from which customers can create value for themselves. But as potential offerings become more complex, so do the relationships necessary to create them. As a result, a company's strategic task becomes the reconfiguration and integration of its compentencies and customers. Normann and Ramírez provide three illustrations of these new rules of strategy. IKEA has blossomed into the world's largest retailer of home furnishings by redefining the relationships and organizational pratices of the furniture business. Danish pharmacies and their national organization have used the opportunity of health care reform to reconfigure their relationships with customers, doctors, hospitals, drug manufacturers, and with Danish and international health organizations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

The market research encyclopedia

Market research can be a complicated and complex process nowadays, especially when it involves sophisticated techniques with names like probabilistic sampling, Box-Jenkins, or conjoint analysis. There is a need for a guide that will help managers determine the dimensions of the task, the resources that must be summoned, the data required, and other key elements. Here, from the head of market research at General Motors, is such a guide in outline form. Vincent P. Barabba walks the reader through the five major stages of the research effort. Each stage is represented in one table, and together the tables combine into a mammoth foldout for easy perusal. The stages are: 1. Assess the market information needs. 2. Measure the marketplace. 3. Store, retrieve, and display the data. 4. Describe and analyze market information. 5. Evaluate the research and assess its usefulness. Comprehensiveness is a hallmark of the "encyclopedia." In the second table, for example, one of the headings under "nonprobabilistic data" is "central location interviewing." Barabba lists the limitations of this kind of research: "Very expensive; responses in this artificial environment may not reflect responses in the market; complicated logistics; development of test product can be time consuming and expensive."     

动静之间彰现君子之威：选择最适合经理人士的坐骑

假如你爱看电视里风行的商界访谈节目，假如你留意财经类杂志上的一些人物面孔，假如你关注“十大经济新锐”、“十大海归创业者”之类的排行榜，就会发现一个事实——成功越来越属于那些中西文化兼备、沉稳内敛、创新进取、具有行业领袖气质的人士，西方舆论称他们为开创中国新财富运动的主力军。     

Levels of fertility and reproduction and differential fertility in Sholapur City

This paper presents the main findings of a survey conducted in 1955 regarding the fertility of women in the city of Sholapur. 1203 families (3535 males and 3289 females) comprised the sample. 1337 women were of childbearing age and the total number of children born to women the year before the inquiry was 321. The overall total marital fertility rate for Sholapur women was 7106.01 children/1000 women or about 7 children/woman. Proportion of female births to total births in the sample was 0.4829. Gross reproduction was 2.9 per woman. Paternal and maternal net reproduction rates of 1.8 and 1.5 represented a rate of increase in the male and female populations per 33 and 27 years respectively. None of the biological and social factors considered was found to have any differential effect on marital fertility of the women. This result was expected, as evidence suggest that the various social, religious, educational, and economic classes in Sholapur are quite similar with regards to marriage and contraceptive behavior. Tables on values of chi-square are also appended.