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This paper examines the effects of the Economic and Monetary Union on demand for foreign reserves. The traditional theory
on demand for international reserves assigns a pivotal role to imports. However, in a currency union part of imports are settled
in the common currency, leaving no incentive for keeping foreign reserves. Moreover, the pooling of the demand for reserves
in the currency union and an increasing role of a currency as an international reserve currency may also influence, among
other things, the union demand for reserves. Based on estimated demand functions for reserves it is shown that the Economic
and Monetary Union has reduced the demand for reserves substantially. It is argued that an enlargement with new member countries
of the European Union will result in further savings of reserves. A simple calculation at the end of the paper illustrates
the welfare gain associated with the reduced need of reserves in the Economic and Monetary Union. 相似文献
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Virmantas Kvedaras Alfredas Ra
kauskas 《Oxford bulletin of economics and statistics》2010,72(5):600-620
An increasing variety of data frequencies available in economics, finance, etc. gives rise to a question how to build and estimate a regression model with variables observed at different frequencies. In a unifying framework of (m,d)‐aggregation we consider various approaches by discussing some potential and limitations. A Monte Carlo experiment and an empirical example illustrate that the traditional fixed aggregation approach, widely used in applied economics, might be inconsistent with data and highly inferior in terms of model precision. 相似文献
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José Antonio Alonso Carlos Garcimartin Virmantas Kvedaras 《Journal of Economic Policy Reform》2020,23(2):229-247
ABSTRACT Recent literature has underlined the role that institutions play in the process of development, making it essential to understand why differences exist in the quality of institutions across countries. The goal of this study is to investigate the determinants of institutional quality. Our results confirm that institutional quality is conditioned by variables that can be modulated by public policy, such as income per capita, international openness, education, taxation, and patterns of income (re)distribution. Our conclusions differ from the pessimistic outlooks of works highlighting deterministic factors, such as colonial or geographical factors, as determinants of institutional quality. 相似文献
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